$ # Contents
PREFACE

WALTZ. HISTORIC REVIEW

WALTZ. CHOREOGRAPHY

NORMAL HOLD
1. RF CLOSED CHANGE (NATURAL TO REVERSE)
2. LF CLOSED CHANGE (REVERSE TO NATURAL)
3. NATURAL TURN
4. REVERSE TURN
5. WHISK
6. CHASSE FROM PROMENADE POSITION
7. OUTSIDE CHANGE
8. NATURAL SPIN TURN
9. PROGRESSIVE CHASSE TO RIGHT
10. OPEN IMPETUS TURN

TANGO. HISTORIC REVIEW

TANGO. CHOREOGRAPHY

NORMAL HOLD
1. PROGRESSIVE LINK
2. CLOSED PROMENADE
3. OPEN REVERSE TURN LADY OUTSIDE CLOSED FINISH
4. BACK CORTE
5. ROCK ON LEFT FOOT
6. NATURAL PROMENADE TURN
7. FOUR STEP

QUICKSTEP. HISTORIC REVIEW

QUICKSTEP. CHOREOGRAPHY

NORMAL HOLD
1. QUARTER TURN TO RIGHT
2. PROGRESSIVE CHASSE
3. FORWARD LOCK STEP
4. BACKWARD LOCK STEP
5. TIPPLE CHASSE TO RIGHT (after step 4 of a Back Lock)
6. NATURAL SPIN TURN
7. FISH-TAIL
8. V-6 (after 1-3 of Nat Turn)
9. TIPSY FOLLOWED by 2-4 of FORWARD LOCK STEP
10. NATURAL TURN

FOXTROT. HISTORIC REVIEW

FOXTROT. CHOREOGRAPHY

NORMAL HOLD
1. FEATHER STEP
2. REVERSE TURN
3. THREE STEP
4. NATURAL TURN
5. IMPETUS TURN
6. WEAVE(after 1-4 of Reverse Turn)
7. WEAVE FROM PP (after Open Impetus)
8. TOP SPIN 
9. HOVER CROSS
10. OPEN IMPETUS TURN

VIENNESE WALTZ. HISTORIC REVIEW

VIENNESE WALTZ. CHOREOGRAPHY

NORMAL HOLD
1. NATURAL TURN
2. RF CLOSED CHANGE
3. LF CLOSED CHANGE
4. REVERSE TURN

PASO DOBLE. HISTORIC REVIEW

PASO DOBLE. CHOREOGRAPHY

HOLD AND USE OF ARMS
1. SUR PLACE
2. APPEL
3. SEPARATION
4. FALLAWAY ENDING TO SEPARATION
5. FALLAWAY REVERSE
6. SYNCOPATED SEPARATION
7. THE TWISTS
8. COUP DE PIQUE
9. THE CHASSE CAPE
10. TRAVELLING SPINS FROM COUNTER PROMENADE POSITION

RUMBA. HISTORIC REVIEW

RUMBA. CHOREOGRAPHY

NORMAL HOLD
1. BASIC MOVEMENT
2. FAN
3. ALEMANA
4. HOCKEY STICK
5. PROGRESSIVE WALKS FORWARD AND BACKWARD
6. CUCARACHAS (Pressure Steps)
7. SPOT TURNS
8. SLIDING DOORS
9. ROPE SPINNING
10. THREE THREES
11. ADVANCED HIP TWISTS

SAMBA. HISTORIC REVIEW

SAMBA. CHOREOGRAPHY

NORMAL HOLD
1. WHISK TO RIGHT AND LEFT
2. SAMBA WALKS IN PROMENADE POSITION
3. SIDE SAMBA WALK
4. SHADOW BOTA FOGOS
5. VOLTA MOVEMENTS
6. ROLLING OFF THE ARM
7. PROMENADE TO COUNTER PROMENADE RUNS
8. CRUZADOS LOCKS IN SHADOW POSITION

CHA CHA CHA. HISTORIC REVIEW

CHA CHA CHA. CHOREOGRAPHY

NORMAL HOLD
1. BASIC MOVEMENT
2. FAN
3. ALEMANA
4. THREE CHA CHA CHAS
5. HAND TO HAND
6. SPOT TURNS
7. NEW YORK
8. SHOULDER TO SHOULDER
9. ADVANCED HIP TWISTS
10. CROSS BASIC

JIVE. HISTORIC REVIEW

JIVE. CHOREOGRAPHY

NORMAL HOLD
1. FALLAWAY ROCK
2. CHANGE OF PLACES LEFT TO RIGHT
3. AMERICAN SPIN
4. THE WHIP
5. STOP AND GO
6. CHICKEN WALKS
7. TOE HEEL SWIVELS
8. FLICKS INTO BREAK

GLOSSARY

$ # PREFACE
There are basically ten dances which enjoy the greatest popularity in modern times. These are classified into two main groups, Standard Dances and Latin-American Dances. The first Standard group contains the following five dances:
Waltz
Quickstep
Foxtrot
Tango
Viennese Waltz

The second Latin American group incorporates:
Rumba
Samba
Cha Cha Cha
Jive
Paso Doble

These ten dances are performed at ballroom dancing competitions and championships.
This multimedia product will reveal the wonders of the beautiful world of ballroom dancing to you. If you are a newcomer to dancing, this program will help you to learn the techniques for performing all the basic movements and variations, guiding you through to proficiency. If you already have some experience of ballroom dancing, this program can help you to improve your technique and may even teach you some new movements.

+ # $ WALTZ. HISTORIC REVIEW
	The waltz can be traced back to the 1770's. It originated from the dances of several different peoples in Europe but its main predecessors were the "Matenick" and a variation called the "Furiant" that were performed during rural festivals in the Czech Republic. The French dance, the "Walt", and the Austrian "Lindler" are the most similar to the waltz among its predecessors.
	The waltz became popular at the beginning of the 19th century in Vienna, from where it spread all over the world. The king of dances acquired different national traits in different countries. Thus there appeared the English Waltz, the Hungarian Waltz, and the Waltz-Mazurka. The waltz cannot be rivalled in its long-lasting popularity.
	During the 1920's the musical form of the waltz was further developed and new dances appeared: the Boston Waltz and the Slow Waltz. These dances were the forerunners of the modern waltz that is now performed in dance competitions.

+ $ # WALTZ. CHOREOGRAPHY
RF CLOSED CHANGE (NATURAL TO REVERSE)
PRECEDE
	Natural Turn
	4 5 6 Natural Turn after Prog Chasse to R

FOLLOW
	Any Rev Fig

LF CLOSED CHANGE (REVERSE TO NATURAL)
PRECEDE
	Reverse Turn

FOLLOW
	Any Nat Fig

NATURAL TURN
PRECEDE
	LF Closed Change
	Chasse from promenade position
	Outside Change

FOLLOW
	RF Closed Change
	1-3 of Natural Turn ended backing Centre then continue with Outside Change making 1/8 to L to end facing DW. If ended facing DW of new LOD : any Nat Fig.

REVERSE TURN
PRECEDE
	RF Closed Change
FOLLOW
	LF Closed Change
	Whisk

WHISK
PRECEDE 
	Reverse Turn
	4 5 6 of Reverse Turn after a Natural Spin Turn
FOLLOW
	Chasse from PP

CHASSE FROM PROMENADE POSITION
PRECEDE 
	Whisk
	Outside Change
	Open Impetus Turn
FOLLOW
	RF fwd in CBMP OP into any Nat Fig

OUTSIDE CHANGE
PRECEDE 
	LF back Lady in line after 1-3 of Natural Turn ended backing DC
	Prog Chasse to R (1/2 turn)
FOLLOW
	RF  fwd in CBMP OP into any Nat Fig

NATURAL SPIN TURN
PRECEDE
	LF Closed Change
	Chasse from promenade position
	Outside Change

FOLLOW
	4 5 6 of Reverse turn

PROGRESSIVE CHASSE TO RIGHT
PRECEDE 
	RF Closed Change
	4 5 6 of Reverse Turn ended facing DC or LOD after Natural Spin Turn
FOLLOW
	4 5 6 of Natural Turn
	Open Impetus Turn
	When the Prog Chasse to R ends backing DC (1/2 turn to R) follow with Outside Change

OPEN IMPETUS TURN
PRECEDE
	1-3 of Natural Turn If started backing DW: Prog Chasse to R
FOLLOW
	Chasse from promenade position

$ # + NORMAL HOLD
POISE
Man
	Stand naturally with your knees slightly flexed. Lean your body slightly forward from the waist, keeping your shoulders relaxed and at their normal level without straining across your chest. The feet are flat on the floor with all the body weight on the balls of the feet.
Lady
	The balance will be the same as that described for the man, except that the lady's body will lean slightly backward from the waist. This backward lean should not be over-emphasised.

HOLD
Man
	Stand facing the lady as described in “POISE”. The lady stands to the man’s right. Place the right hand on the lady’s back slightly below her left shoulder - the fingers should be held together. The upper part of the right arm, from the shoulder to the elbow, should slant downwards and the lower arm, from the elbow to the palm, should be held parallel with the floor.
	The left hand holds the lady’s hand so that her fingers are placed between his thumb and forefinger. The man covers the lady’s fingers on the right side. The left palm should not be folded inwards, there should be a straight line running from the elbow to the palm. The palm should be angled diagonally to the floor. The upper part of the right arm should slant downwards, with the arm bent at the elbow. From the elbow to the palm, the arm slants upward. The hand is held at the same level as the left ear, with the lower arm, from the elbow to the palm, being angled outwards.
Lady
	The left hand rests lightly on the man's right hand. The fingers of the left hand are held grouped together below his right shoulder (depending on the height of the man).
	The right arm slants downwards from the shoulder to the elbow and then upwards from the elbow to the man’s left hand. The lady's fingers are held by the man between his thumb and forefinger.

+ $ # 1. RF CLOSED CHANGE (NATURAL TO REVERSE)
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		Slight on 1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3 Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		3

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		Slight on 1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side and slightly back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3 Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		3

$ # + 2. LF CLOSED CHANGE (REVERSE TO NATURAL)
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		Slight on 1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3 Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		3

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		Slight on 1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		3

$ # + 3. NATURAL TURN
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3 Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		3

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF back	TH
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn R on 4
Rise and Fall	Down on 4 Start to rise e/o 4 NFR
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 4 and 5 body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 5
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		2

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF closed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Body completes turn on 6
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 6 Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		3

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing to LOD
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Body completes turn on 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3 Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		3

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn R on 4
Rise and Fall	Down on 4 Start to rise e/o 4
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing Centre
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 4 and 5
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 5
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		2

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 5 and 6
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 6 Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		3

$ # + 4. REVERSE TURN
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		3

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn L on 4
Rise and Fall	Down on 4. Start to rise e/o 4 NFR
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DW
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 4 and 5, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 5
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		2

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	Body completes the turn on 6
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 6. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		3

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing to LOD
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Body completes turn on 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		3

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn L on 4
Rise and Fall	Down on 4. Start to rise e/o 4
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing Wall
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 4 and 5
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 5
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		2

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF closed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 5 and 6
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 6. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		3

$ # + 5. WHISK
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork		HT
Alignment		Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall		Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		Slight on 1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork		T
Alignment		Facing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall		Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		2

Step			3
Position of Feet	LF crosses behind RF in PP
Footwork		TH
Alignment		Facing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall		Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		3

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork		TH
Alignment		Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 1
Rise and Fall		Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF diag back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DC
Amount of Turn	1/4 to R between 1 and 2, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF crosses behind LF in PP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Body completes turn on 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		3

$ # + 6. CHASSE FROM PROMENADE POSITION
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd and across in CBMP and PP
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Along LOD, facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		1 1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		2 1/2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closes to LF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		& 1/2

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Up on 4. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		3 1

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF fwd and across in CBMP and PP
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Along LOD, facing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		
Rhythm		1 1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side 
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing Wall
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		2 1/2

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closes to RF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		& 1/2

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF to side and slightly back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		3 1

$ # + 7. OUTSIDE CHANGE
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back in CBMP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		Slight on 2
Sway		
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Pointing DW
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 2 and 3, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		3

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		Slight on 2
Sway		
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF to side and slightly back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 2 and 3, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		3

$ # + 8. NATURAL SPIN TURN
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3 Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		3

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF back, RF held in CBMP (Pivot)
Footwork	THT
Alignment	Backing LOD, end facing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/4 to R on 4
Rise and Fall	Down on 4 
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn on 5
Rise and Fall	Down on 5. Rise e/o 5
CBM		5
Sway		St
Rhythm		2

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 5 and 6
Rise and Fall	Up on 6. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		3

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing to LOD
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Body completes turn on 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3 Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		3

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF fwd (Pivoting action)
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD, end backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/2 to R on 4
Rise and Fall	Down on 4 
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF back and slightly leftwards
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn on 5
Rise and Fall	Down on 5. Rise e/o 5
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		2

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF diag fwd having brushed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 5 and 6
Rise and Fall	Up on 6. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		3

$ # + 9. PROGRESSIVE CHASSE TO RIGHT
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		
Rhythm		1 1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side 
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing Wall
Amount of Turn	1/8 between  1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		2 1/2

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closes to RF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/8 between  2 and 3, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		& 1/2

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF to side and slightly back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		3 1

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		
Rhythm		1 1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side 
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DW
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		2 1/2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closes to LF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	Slight body turn on 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		& 1/2

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		3 1

$ # + 10. OPEN IMPETUS TURN
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back 
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Down on 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF closes to LF (H Turn)
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Down on 2. Rise e/o 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF diag fwd L shoulder leading in PP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Pointing DC, body facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Slight body turn to R on 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		3

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd 
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Down on 1 
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Down on 2. Rise e/o 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF to side in PP having brushed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Moving DC, pointing to Centre
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 2 and 3, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		3

+ $ # TANGO. HISTORIC REVIEW
	The choreographic sources of the Tango are Argentine and Spanish folk dances. In the 19th century, the Tango became wide-spread in South America, and it first appeared in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century. The well-known French choreographer and composer Camil de Rinal revamped the dance making it more simple and thereby created the Tango as we know it today. It was not a popular dance around the world, however, since the Pope banned it as an obscene dance. 
	After its initial success in Paris in 1909, the Tango impetuously spread all over Europe and enjoyed immense popularity in the period between 1910-1915. It went out of fashion in the 1930's-60's but is currently enjoying a revival. 
Boldness and resolution, sudden pauses and unexpected poses, and changes of directions are characteristic of the Tango.

+ $ # TANGO. CHOREOGRAPHY
PROGRESSIVE LINK
PRECEDE
	Open Reverse Lady Outside Open Finish
	Closed Promenade
FOLLOW
	Any Prom Fig

CLOSED PROMENADE
PRECEDE 
	Progressive Link
	Natural Promenade Turn
	Any Open Finish turning to PP placing LF to side without weight, along LOD
	Four Step
FOLLOW
	Progressive Link
	If ended in PP: any Prom Fig

OPEN REVERSE LADY OUTSIDE CLOSED FINISH
PRECEDE
	Closed Promenade
	Any Open Finish ended DC
FOLLOW
	Progressive Link
	Rock On Left Foot In CBMP
	Back Corte (step 1 CBMP and slight CBM on 2)
	Any Prom Fig if turned to PP by placing LF to side of RF without weight (count &)
	Four Step

BACK CORTE
PRECEDE 
	After steps 1-2 Rock on LF, Closed Promenade or any Closed Finish danced at corner or along the side of the room
	If at a corner: step 1 of Corte will be taken down new LOD
	If along the side of the room: step 1 will be taken to Centre ending DC, follow with a Rev Fig.
	When an Open Finish precedes a Corte, step 1 of Corte will be taken in CBMP, and step 2 CBM only, and when the Open Finish is danced at a corner, end the Corte DW of new LOD, if danced along the side of the room end the Corte DC.
FOLLOW
	Progressive Link
	Rock On Left Foot
	If turned to PP: any Prom Fig.
	Four Step

ROCK ON LEFT FOOT
PRECEDE 
	Closed Promenade or any Closed Finish danced at corner or along the side of the room
	If at a corner: step 1 of Corte will be taken down new LOD
	If along the side of the room: step 1 will be taken to Centre ending DC, follow with a Rev Fig.
	When an Open Finish precedes a Corte, step 1 of Corte will be taken in CBMP, and step 2 CBM only, and when the Open Finish is danced at a corner, end the Corte DW of new LOD, if danced along the side of the room end the Corte DC.
FOLLOW
	Closed Finish or Open Finish

NATURAL PROMENADE TURN
PRECEDE 
	Progressive Link
	Natural Promenade Turn
	Any Open Finish turning to PP placing LF to side without weight, along LOD
	Four Step
FOLLOW
	Any Prom Fig

FOUR STEP
PRECEDE
	Closed Prom
FOLLOW
	Any Prom Fig

$ # + NORMAL HOLD
MAN
Stand facing LOD with feet together, slide the right foot slightly back, turning the feet and body to the left, to face almost DC.
The hold will be more compact with the lady held more to the man's right side than in other dances. The man places his right arm a little further round the lady's back, with his forearm held parallel to the floor. His left arm will be held as in other dances, except that the elbow will be higher and the forearm more acutely angled, bringing the left hand slightly closer to the body.

LADY
Stand  backing  LOD with feet together, slide the LF slightly forward turning the feet and body to the left to back almost DC.
Place the left hand on the man's back with the fingers neatly grouped just under his armpit, the palm of the hand should not be showing. The right arm is held as in other dances, but will not slant as much forward from the elbow.

$ # + 1. PROGRESSIVE LINK
MAN
Step			1
Position of Feet		LF fwd in CBMP
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

Step			2
Position of Feet		RF to side and slightly back in PP
Footwork		IE of RF and IE of B LF
Direction or Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn		Body turn to R on 2
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

LADY
Step			1
Position of Feet		RF back in CBMP
Footwork		BH
Direction or Alignment	DW
Amount of Turn		1/4 to R
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

Step			2
Position of Feet		LF to side and slightly back in PP
Footwork		IE of BH and IE of B RF
Direction or Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

$ # + 2. CLOSED PROMENADE
MAN
Step			1
Position of Feet		LF to side in PP
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Along LOD, pointing DW
Amount of Turn		No turn
CBM		
Rhythm			S

Step			2
Position of Feet		RF fwd and across in CBMP and PP
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Along LOD, pointing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

Step			3
Position of Feet		LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork		IE of F
Direction or Alignment	Pointing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

Step			4
Position of Feet		RF closes to LF slightly back
Footwork		Whole F
Direction or Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			S

LADY
Step			1
Position of Feet		RF to side in PP
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Along LOD, pointing DC
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			S

Step			2
Position of Feet		LF fwd and across in CBMP and PP
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Along LOD, pointing DC
Amount of Turn		1/4 to L between 2 and 3
CBM			2
Rhythm			Q

Step			3
Position of Feet		RF to side and slightly back 
Footwork		IE of BH 
Direction or Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

Step			4
Position of Feet		LF closes to RF slightly fwd
Footwork		Whole F
Direction or Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			S

$ # + 3. OPEN REVERSE TURN LADY OUTSIDE CLOSED FINISH
MAN
Step			1
Position of Feet		LF fwd in CBMP
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	DC
Amount of Turn		Just under 3/4 to L
CBM			1
Rhythm			Q

Step			2
Position of Feet		RF to side
Footwork		BH
Direction or Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

Step			3
Position of Feet		LF back in CBMP
Footwork		BH
Direction or Alignment	Down LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			S

Step			4
Position of Feet		RF back
Footwork		BH
Direction or Alignment	Down LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM			4
Rhythm			Q

Step			5
Position of Feet		LF side and slightly fwd
Footwork		IE of F
Direction or Alignment	Pointing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

Step			6
Position of Feet		RF closes to LF slightly back
Footwork		Whole F
Direction or Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			S

LADY
Step			1
Position of Feet		RF back in CBMP
Footwork		BH
Direction or Alignment	DC
Amount of Turn		Just under 3/4 to L
CBM			1
Rhythm			Q

Step			2
Position of Feet		LF side and slightly fwd
Footwork		Whole F
Direction or Alignment	Pointing to LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

Step			3
Position of Feet		RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Down LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			S

Step			4
Position of Feet		LF fwd
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Down LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM			4
Rhythm			Q

Step			5
Position of Feet		RF to side and slightly back 
Footwork		IE of BH 
Direction or Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

Step			6
Position of Feet		LF closes to RF slightly fwd
Footwork		Whole F
Direction or Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			S

$ # + 4. BACK CORTE
MAN
Step			1
Position of Feet		LF back L shoulder leading
Footwork		IE of BH
Direction or Alignment	Down LOD
Amount of Turn		1/4 to L between 2 and 3
CBM			
Rhythm			S

Step			2
Position of Feet		RF back in CBMP
Footwork		BH
Direction or Alignment	DC
Amount of Turn		
CBM			2
Rhythm			Q

Step			3
Position of Feet		LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork		IE of F
Direction or Alignment	Pointing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

Step			4
Position of Feet		RF closes to LF slightly back 
Footwork		Whole F
Direction or Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM			
Rhythm			S

LADY
Step			1
Position of Feet		RF fwd R shoulder leading
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Down LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM			
Rhythm			S

Step			2
Position of Feet		LF fwd in CBMP
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	DC
Amount of Turn		1/4 to L between 2 and 3
CBM			2
Rhythm			Q

Step			3
Position of Feet		RF to side and slightly back
Footwork		IE of BH
Direction or Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

Step			4
Position of Feet		LF closes to RF slightly fwd
Footwork		Whole F
Direction or Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM			
Rhythm			S

$ # + 5. ROCK ON LEFT FOOT
MAN
Step			1
Position of Feet		LF back, L shoulder leading
Footwork		IE of BH
Direction or Alignment	Down LOD
Amount of Turn		No turn
CBM			
Rhythm			Q

Step			2
Position of Feet		Transfer weight fwd to RF, R shoulder leading
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Against LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM			
Rhythm			Q

Step			3
Position of Feet		LF back L shoulder leading, small step
Footwork		IE of BH
Direction or Alignment	Down LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			S

LADY
Step			1
Position of Feet		RF fwd R shoulder leading
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Down LOD
Amount of Turn		No turn
CBM			
Rhythm			Q

Step			2
Position of Feet		Transfer weight back to LF, L shoulder leading
Footwork		IE of BH
Direction or Alignment	Against LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM			
Rhythm			Q

Step			3
Position of Feet		RF fwd R shoulder leading, small step
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Down LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			S

$ # + 6. NATURAL PROMENADE TURN
MAN
Step			1
Position of Feet		LF side in PP
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Along LOD, pointing DW
Amount of Turn		3/4 to R
CBM			
Rhythm			S

Step			2
Position of Feet		RF fwd in CBMP and PP
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM			2
Rhythm			Q

Step			3
Position of Feet		LF to side and slightly back 
Footwork		BHB
Direction or Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

Step			4
Position of Feet		RF fwd, then place LF to side without weight, end in PP
Footwork		H of RF and IE of B LF
Direction or Alignment	DW of new LOD, end facing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM			4
Rhythm			S &

LADY
Step			1
Position of Feet		RF to side in PP
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Along LOD, pointing DC
Amount of Turn		3/4 to R
CBM			
Rhythm			S

Step			2
Position of Feet		LF fwd and across in CBMP and PP
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Pointing to LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM			
Rhythm			Q

Step			3
Position of Feet		RF fwd between partner’s feet
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	Down LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM			3
Rhythm			Q

Step			4
Position of Feet		LF to side and slightly back, then place RF to side without weight in PP
Footwork		BH of LF and IE of B RF
Direction or Alignment	Backing DW of new LOD, end facing DC of new LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM			
Rhythm			S &

$ # + 7. FOUR STEP
MAN
Step			1
Position of Feet		LF fwd in CBMP
Footwork		H
Direction or Alignment	DW
Amount of Turn		No turn
CBM			
Rhythm			Q

Step			2
Position of Feet		RF to side and slightly back
Footwork		BH
Direction or Alignment	Backing DC against LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM			
Rhythm			Q

Step			3
Position of Feet		LF back in CBMP
Footwork		BH
Direction or Alignment	DC against LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM		
Rhythm			Q

Step			4
Position of Feet		RF closes to LF slightly back in PP
Footwork		BH
Direction or Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM			
Rhythm			Q

LADY
Step			1
Position of Feet		RF back in CBMP
Footwork		BH
Direction or Alignment	DW
Amount of Turn		
CBM			
Rhythm			Q

Step			2
Position of Feet		LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork		Whole F
Direction or Alignment	Pointing DC against LOD
Amount of Turn		
CBM			
Rhythm			Q

Step			3
Position of Feet		RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork		HB F flat
Direction or Alignment	DC against LOD
Amount of Turn		1/4 to R between 3 and 4
CBM			3
Rhythm			Q

Step			4
Position of Feet		LF closes to RF slightly back in PP 
Footwork		BH
Direction or Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn		
CBM			
Rhythm			Q

+ $ # QUICKSTEP. HISTORIC REVIEW

	The Quickstep is a light, lively, cheerful dance, crammed with jumps, hops, right, left and back turns. Apparently there are several levels of interpretation: a sparkling dance for youthful dancers, a more refined nobility for middle-aged dancers, and a more reserved, choice choreography for older dancers.
English in origin, it replaced the Foxtrot which was a quick dance popular in the 1930's. The lively rhythm of the Quickstep requires lightness and mobility from the dancers. Rich with variations, the Quickstep is considered The Pocket Grammar of standard dances.

+ $ # QUICKSTEP. CHOREOGRAPHY
QUARTER TURN TO RIGHT
PRECEDE
	Natural Turn
	When started RF fwd OP: Prog Chasse, Fwd Lock Step
	Fish Tail
FOLLOW
	Prog Chasse

PROGRESSIVE CHASSE
PRECEDE
	Quarter Turn to Right
	Natural Spin Turn
FOLLOW
	RF fwd in CBMP OP into any Nat Fig
	Fwd Lock Step

FORWARD LOCK STEP
PRECEDE
	Prog Chasse
	Steps 2-4 will be danced after Tipple Chasse to R, and may follow step 5 of Natural Turn
	Fish Tail
FOLLOW
	RF fwd in CBMP OP into any Nat Fig
	Fish Tail

BACKWARD LOCK STEP
PRECEDE
	1-3 of Natural Turn
	Steps 2-4 may be danced after Spin Turn
FOLLOW
	Tipple Chasse to R

TIPPLE CHASSE TO RIGHT (after step 4 of a Back Lock)
FOLLOW
	RF fwd in CBMP OP into any Nat Fig
	Fish Tail

NATURAL SPIN TURN
PRECEDE
	Fwd Lock Step
	Prog Chasse
	Fish Tail
FOLLOW
	Prog Chasse
	Steps 2-7 V-6

FISH-TAIL
PRECEDE
	Fwd Lock Step
	Prog Chasse
FOLLOW
	RF fwd in CBMP OP into any Nat Fig
	Fwd Lock Step

V-6 (after 1-3 of Nat Turn)
OTHER PRECEDES
	Natural Spin Turn
	Prog Chasse near a corner then RF fwd in CBMP OP (S), check back to V-6 DC of new LOD PO
	NOTE: When the Spin precedes start V-6 on step 2. The rise will start on the last step of the preceding Fig, NRF.

FOLLOW
	Any Nat Fig
	Fish Tail
	After steps 1-7 RF fwd in CBMP OP into Fwd Lock Step, any Nat Fig, Fish Tail

TIPSY FOLLOWED by 2-4 of FORWARD LOCK STEP
PRECEDE
	Prog Chasse end in PP facing DW (S Q Q S), then RF fwd and across in CBMP and PP (S). Close LF to RF on toes turning to face Wall, lady square (S). Tipsy to side against LOD, then 2-4 of Lock Step along LOD
	Backward Lock Step (S Q Q S), then LF back PO. Tipsy turning to R to face DW. Follow with 2-4 of Fwd Lock (S Q & Q Q Q S)
FOLLOW
	When the Lock Step follows the Tipsy and ends DW, follow with RF fwd OP into any Nat Fig or Fish-tail

NATURAL TURN
PRECEDE
	Fwd Lock Step
	Prog Chasse
	Fish Tail
FOLLOW
	Natural Spin Turn
	After steps 1-4 Nat Turn Tipple Chasse to R
	After steps 1-3 Nat Turn Backward Lock Step

$ # + NORMAL HOLD
POISE
Man
	Stand naturally with your knees slightly flexed. Lean your body slightly forward from the waist, keeping your shoulders relaxed and at their normal level without straining across your chest. The feet are flat on the floor with all the body weight on the balls of the feet.
Lady
	The balance will be the same as that described for the man, except that the lady's body will lean slightly backward from the waist. This backward lean should not be over-emphasised.

HOLD
Man
	Stand facing the lady as described in “POISE”. The lady stands to the man’s right. Place the right hand on the lady’s back slightly below her left shoulder - the fingers should be held together. The upper part of the right arm, from the shoulder to the elbow, should slant downwards and the lower arm, from the elbow to the palm, should be held parallel with the floor.
	The left hand holds the lady’s hand so that her fingers are placed between his thumb and forefinger. The man covers the lady’s fingers on the right side. The left palm should not be folded inwards, there should be a straight line running from the elbow to the palm. The palm should be angled diagonally to the floor. The upper part of the right arm should slant downwards, with the arm bent at the elbow. From the elbow to the palm, the arm slants upward. The hand is held at the same level as the left ear, with the lower arm, from the elbow to the palm, being angled outwards.
Lady
	The left hand rests lightly on the man's right hand. The fingers of the left hand are held grouped together below his right shoulder (depending on the height of the man).
	The right arm slants downwards from the shoulder to the elbow and then upwards from the elbow to the man’s left hand. The lady's fingers are held by the man between his thumb and forefinger.

$ # + 1. QUARTER TURN TO RIGHT
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing Centre
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closes to LF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC 
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC 
Amount of Turn	No turn on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DW 
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2 
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closes to RF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Slight body turn on 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF diag fwd
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC 
Amount of Turn	No turn on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

$ # + 2. PROGRESSIVE CHASSE
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DW
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closes to LF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	Slightly body turn on  3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 
CBM		1
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing Wall
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2 
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closes to RF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF to side and slightly back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

$ # + 3. FORWARD LOCK STEP
MAN or LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn 
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF fwd and slightly leftwards
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF crosses behind LF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF fwd and slightly leftwards
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Up on 4. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

$ # + 4. BACKWARD LOCK STEP
MAN or LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back in CBMP 
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn 
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF crosses in front of RF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF back and slightly rightwards
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Up on 4. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

$ # + 5. TIPPLE CHASSE TO RIGHT (after step 4 of Back Lock)

MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back in CBMP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1 
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing to LOD
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2 body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closes to RF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Body completes turn on 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 3 and 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF fwd and slightly leftwards, L shoulder leading
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 5
Rise and Fall	Up on 5
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF crosses behind LF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 6
Rise and Fall	Up on 6
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		7
Position of Feet	LF fwd and slightly leftwards
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 7
Rise and Fall	Up on 7. Lower e/o 7
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1 
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 
CBM		1
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closes to LF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 3 and 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF back R shoulder leading
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 5
Rise and Fall	Up on 5
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF crosses in front of RF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 6
Rise and Fall	Up on 6
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		7
Position of Feet	RF back and slightly rightwards
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 7
Rise and Fall	Up on 7. Lower e/o 7
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

$ # + 6. NATURAL SPIN TURN
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3 Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF back, RF held in CBMP (Pivot)
Footwork	THT
Alignment	Backing LOD, end facing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/4 to R on 4
Rise and Fall	Down on 4 
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn on 5
Rise and Fall	Down on 5. Rise e/o 5
CBM		5
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 5 and 6
Rise and Fall	Up on 6. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing to LOD
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Body completes turn on 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3 Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF fwd (Pivoting action)
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD, end backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/2 to R on 4
Rise and Fall	Down on 4 
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF back and slightly leftwards
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn on 5
Rise and Fall	Down on 5. Rise e/o 5
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF diag fwd having brushed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 5 and 6
Rise and Fall	Up on 6. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

$ # + 7. FISH-TAIL
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF crosses behind RF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF fwd and slightly to side, small step
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 3
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF fwd and slightly leftwards L shoulder leading
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	Body turns to R on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF crosses behind LF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 5
Rise and Fall	Up on 5
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF fwd and slightly leftwards 
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 6
Rise and Fall	Up on 6. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back in CBMP
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF crosses in front of LF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF back and slightly to side, small step
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 3
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF back and slightly rightwards R shoulder leading
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	Body turns to R on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF crosses in front of RF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 5
Rise and Fall	Up on 5
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF back and slightly rightwards 
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 6
Rise and Fall	Up on 6. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

$ # + 8. V-6 (after 1-3 of Nat Turn)
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	 
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF back R shoulder leading
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF crosses in front of RF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Up on 4. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF back in CBMP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Down on 5. Start to rise e/o 5 NFR
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 6
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 6
CBM		6
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		7
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Pointing DW
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 6 and 7
Rise and Fall	Up on 7. Lower e/o 7
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		8-11	Continue with RF fwd in CBMP OP into Fwd Lock Step

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	 
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF fwd L shoulder leading
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF crosses behind RF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF fwd preparing to step OP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Up on 4. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Down on 5. Start to rise e/o 5 
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		S

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 6
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 6
CBM		6
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		7
Position of Feet	RF to side and slightly back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 6 and 7, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 7. Lower e/o 7
CBM		
Sway		
Rhythm		Q

Step		8-11	Continue with LF back in CBMP into Backward Lock Step

$ # + 9. TIPSY FOLLOWED by 2-4 of FORWARD LOCK STEP
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF to side, small step
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW or LOD
Amount of Turn	 No turn
Rise and Fall	Slight rise on 1 
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF almost closes to RF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW or LOD
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Slight rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		&

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF to side, small step
Footwork	IE of T and IE of T LF
Alignment	Facing DW or LOD
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Down on 3 with sharp flexing of knees
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF to side, small step
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW or LOD
Amount of Turn	 No turn
Rise and Fall	Slight rise on 1 
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF almost closes to LF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW or LOD
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Slight rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		&

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF to side, small step
Footwork	IE of T and IE of T RF
Alignment	Backing DW or LOD
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Down on 3 with sharp flexing of knees
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

$ # + 10. NATURAL TURN
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start turn R on 4
Rise and Fall	 
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF small step to side
Footwork	H
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 4 and 5
Rise and Fall	
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	H
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing to LOD
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Body completes turn on 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3 Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF fwd 
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start turn to R on 4
Rise and Fall	 
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 4 and 5
Rise and Fall	
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 5 and 6
Rise and Fall	
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

+ $ # FOXTROT. HISTORIC REVIEW
	The Foxtrot appeared in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century and reached its peak of popularity in the 20's. The rapid growth in its popularity was due to the talented American dancers Vernon and Irene Castle. 
	Over the years several variations of the Foxtrot have appeared, the most popular ones being the Slow Fox and the Quickstep. 
	The Slow Foxtrot is characterised by long lines, uninterrupted and fluent progressive movements. It implies reserved strength and flight. The dance is complicated since it requires balance and constant control during every movement. To perform it graciously, the dancers, but most especially the lady, need constant training. The Slow Foxtrot requires considerable space and cannot be danced if the ballroom is crowded.

+ $ # FOXTROT. CHOREOGRAPHY
FEATHER STEP
PRECEDE 
	Natural Turn
FOLLOW
	Reverse Turn

REVERSE TURN
PRECEDE
	Feather Step
FOLLOW
	Three Step

THREE STEP
PRECEDE
	Reverse Turn
	Weave
	Feather Step
	Top Spin
FOLLOW
	Any Nat Fig

NATURAL TURN
PRECEDE
	Three Step
FOLLOW
	Feather Step. After step 3 Impetus Turn

IMPETUS TURN
PRECEDE
	1-3 Natural Turn
FOLLOW
	Underturn the Impetus Turn making 1/2 turn

WEAVE (after 1-4 of Reverse Turn)
FOLLOW
	Three Step

WEAVE FROM PP (after Open Impetus)
FOLLOW
	Three Step

TOP SPIN
PRECEDE
	Feather Step
FOLLOW
	If ended DC: Reverse Turn
	If ended DW: Three Step

HOVER CROSS
PRECEDE
	Three Step
FOLLOW
	Reverse Turn

OPEN IMPETUS TURN
PRECEDE
	1-3 Natural Turn
FOLLOW
	Weave from PP 

$ # + NORMAL HOLD
POISE
Man
	Stand naturally with your knees slightly flexed. Lean your body slightly forward from the waist, keeping your shoulders relaxed and at their normal level without straining across your chest. The feet are flat on the floor with all the body weight on the balls of the feet.
Lady
	The balance will be the same as that described for the man, except that the lady's body will lean slightly backward from the waist. This backward lean should not be over-emphasised.

HOLD
Man
	Stand facing the lady as described in “POISE”. The lady stands to the man’s right. Place the right hand on the lady’s back slightly below her left shoulder - the fingers should be held together. The upper part of the right arm, from the shoulder to the elbow, should slant downwards and the lower arm, from the elbow to the palm, should be held parallel with the floor.
	The left hand holds the lady’s hand so that her fingers are placed between his thumb and forefinger. The man covers the lady’s fingers on the right side. The left palm should not be folded inwards, there should be a straight line running from the elbow to the palm. The palm should be angled diagonally to the floor. The upper part of the right arm should slant downwards, with the arm bent at the elbow. From the elbow to the palm, the arm slants upward. The hand is held at the same level as the left ear, with the lower arm, from the elbow to the palm, being angled outwards.
Lady
	The left hand rests lightly on the man's right hand. The fingers of the left hand are held grouped together below his right shoulder (depending on the height of the man).
	The right arm slants downwards from the shoulder to the elbow and then upwards from the elbow to the man’s left hand. The lady's fingers are held by the man between his thumb and forefinger.

$ # + 1. FEATHER STEP
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn 
Rise and Fall	Rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF fwd L shoulder leading preparing to step OP
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF back R shoulder leading
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Up on 2 NFR
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF back in CBMP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Up on 3 NFR. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

$ # + 2. REVERSE TURN
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1 
Rise and Fall	Rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	THT
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn L on 4
Rise and Fall	Down on 4. Rise e/o 4
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DW
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 4 and 5, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 5
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP OP 
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 6
Rise and Fall	Up on 6. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1 
Rise and Fall	Rise slightly e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF closes to RF (H Turn)
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	No turn on 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn L on 4
Rise and Fall	Down on 4. Rise e/o 4
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF to side 
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing Wall
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 4 and 5
Rise and Fall	Up on 5
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF back in CBMP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 5 and 6, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 6 NFR. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

$ # + 3. THREE STEP
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	H
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn 
Rise and Fall	Down on 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF fwd 
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Down on 2. Rise e/o 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF fwd 
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Down on 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF back 
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Down on 2. Rise e/o 2 NFR
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF back 
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	
Rise and Fall	Up on 3 NFR. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

$ # + 4. NATURAL TURN
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1 
Rise and Fall	Rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn R on 4
Rise and Fall	Down on 4
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF to side, a small step (H Pull) 
Footwork	H IE of F, whole F and IE of LF
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 4 and 5
Rise and Fall	Slight body rise on 5 NFR
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		S

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF fwd 
Footwork	H
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn on 6
Rise and Fall	Down on 6
CBM		6
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1 
Rise and Fall	Rise slightly e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF closes to LF (H Turn)
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	No turn on 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn R on 4
Rise and Fall	Down on 4
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF to side and RF brushes towards LF
Footwork	TH and IE of T RF
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 4 and 5
Rise and Fall	Slight body rise on 5 NFR
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		S

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF back having brushed to LF
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn on 6
Rise and Fall	Down on 6 
CBM		6
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

$ # + 5. IMPETUS TURN
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Down on 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF closes to LF (H Turn)
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Down on 2. Rise e/o 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC against LOD
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Down on 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Down on 2. Rise e/o 2 
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF diag fwd having brushed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DC against LOD
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

$ # + 6. WEAVE (after 1-4 of Reverse Turn)
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC against LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1 
Rise and Fall	Rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF back in CBMP
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn L on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DW
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 4 and 5
Rise and Fall	Up on 5
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 6
Rise and Fall	Up on 6. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC against LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1 
Rise and Fall	Rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	No turn on 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn L on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF to side 
Footwork	TH 
Alignment	Backing Wall
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 4 and 5
Rise and Fall	Up on 5 
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF back in CBMP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 5 and 6, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 6 NFR. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

$ # + 7. WEAVE FROM PP (after Open Impetus)
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP and PP
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Pointing DC, body facing LOD
Amount of Turn	No turn on 1 
Rise and Fall	Rise e/o 1
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 2
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		2
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF to side and slightly back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF back in CBMP 
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 3 and 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn L on 5
Rise and Fall	Up on 5
CBM		5
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DW
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 5 and 6, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 6
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		7
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	No turn on 6
Rise and Fall	Up on 7. Lower e/o 7
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF fwd and across in CBMP and PP
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Moving DC, pointing Centre
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1 
Rise and Fall	Rise e/o 1 
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side and slightly back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing LOD
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 2 and 3, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	No turn on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn L on 5
Rise and Fall	Up on 5
CBM		5
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF to side 
Footwork	TH 
Alignment	Backing Wall
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 5 and 6
Rise and Fall	Up on 6
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		7
Position of Feet	LF back in CBMP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 6 and 7, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 7 NFR. Lower e/o 7
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

$ # + 8. TOP SPIN
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back in CBMP
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing against LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn L from preceding step, 1/8 to L on 1
Rise and Fall	Up from preceding step. Up on 1
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW against LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		2
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DC of new LOD
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 2 and 3, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DC 
Amount of Turn	No turn on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing against LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn L from preceding step, 1/8 to L on 1
Rise and Fall	Up from preceding step. Up on 1
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW against LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Up on 2 
CBM		2
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing new LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF back in CBMP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC of new LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 3 and 4, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 4 NFR. Lower e/o 4
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

$ # + 9. HOVER CROSS
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd 
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1 
Rise and Fall	Rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF to side 
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DW of new LOD
Amount of Turn	1/2 between 2 and 3, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 3
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF fwd in CBMP OP on partner’s L side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DW of new LOD
Amount of Turn	No turn on 4
Rise and Fall	Up on 4
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		5
Position of Feet	Transfer weight back to RF in CBMP
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC against LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 5
Rise and Fall	Up on 5
CBM		5
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF to side and slightly fwd
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DC
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 5 and 6, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 6
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		7
Position of Feet	RF fwd in CBMP OP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn on 7
Rise and Fall	Up on 7. Lower e/o 7
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1 
Rise and Fall	Rise slightly e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF closes to LF (H Turn)
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF to side 
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing new LOD
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF back in CBMP 
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DW of new LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 3 and 4, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 4
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		5
Position of Feet	Transfer weight fwd to LF in CBMP OP on partner’s L side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Facing DC against LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 5
Rise and Fall	Up on 5
CBM		5
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF to side 
Footwork	TH 
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 5 and 6
Rise and Fall	Up on 6
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		7
Position of Feet	LF back in CBMP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 6 and 7, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 7 NFR. Lower e/o 7
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

$ # + 10. OPEN IMPETUS TURN
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back 
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Down on 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF closes to LF (H Turn)
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Down on 2. Rise e/o 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF diag fwd L shoulder leading in PP
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Pointing DC, body facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Slight body turn to R on 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd 
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Down on 1 
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		S

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Down on 2. Rise e/o 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF to side in PP having brushed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Moving DC, pointing to Centre
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 2 and 3, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		Q

+ $ # VIENNESE WALTZ. HISTORIC REVIEW
	The "Flecker" is one of the moves of the Viennese waltz that is performed at dancing competitions. It is a very ancient move that originated from the primitive folk dances of Austria and Germany. For several centuries pairs have danced, spinning round on the same spot while holding each other very closely.
	At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries these dances shifted to towns and cities. Instead of being performed in country yards and taverns they were now danced in the great dancing halls of Vienna. Hopping and stamping was transformed into smooth gliding over spacious and polished floors. The tempo of the music was increased to 60-70 beats per minute (nowadays 60 beats per minute is usual).
	The music of the Viennese Waltz is elegant and full of passion. The dance is beautiful and it is a real pleasure to watch the dancing pairs. The creators of these fascinating melodies were Strauss, father and son, Legar, Waldteifel and other great composers including: Schubert, Chopin, Berlios, Tchaikovsky, Sibelius, Weber, Ravel.

+ $ # VIENNESE WALTZ. CHOREOGRAPHY
NATURAL TURN
PRECEDE 
	LF Closed Change fwd
	Natural Turn
	Steps 1-3 Rev Turn, following RF Closed Change bwd, steps 4-6 Nat Turn
FOLLOW
	RF Closed Change fwd
	Natural Turn
	Steps 1-3 Nat Turn, following LF Closed Change bwd, steps 4-6 Rev Turn

2. RF CLOSED CHANGE
PRECEDE
	Natural Turn
FOLLOW
	Reverse Turn

3. LF CLOSED CHANGE
PRECEDE
	Reverse Turn
FOLLOW
	Natural Turn

4. REVERSE TURN
PRECEDE
	RF Closed Change fwd
	Reverse Turn
	Steps 1-3 Nat Turn, following LF Closed Change bwd, steps 4-6 Rev Turn
FOLLOW
	LF Closed Change fwd
	Reverse Turn
	Steps 1-3 Rev Turn, following RF Closed Change bwd, steps 4-6 Nat Turn

$ # + NORMAL HOLD
POISE
Man
	Stand naturally with your knees slightly flexed. Lean your body slightly forward from the waist, keeping your shoulders relaxed and at their normal level without straining across your chest. The feet are flat on the floor with all the body weight on the balls of the feet.
Lady
	The balance will be the same as that described for the man, except that the lady's body will lean slightly backward from the waist. This backward lean should not be over-emphasised.

HOLD
Man
	Stand facing the lady as described in “POISE”. The lady stands to the man’s right. Place the right hand on the lady’s back slightly below her left shoulder - the fingers should be held together. The upper part of the right arm, from the shoulder to the elbow, should slant downwards and the lower arm, from the elbow to the palm, should be held parallel with the floor.
	The left hand holds the lady’s hand so that her fingers are placed between his thumb and forefinger. The man covers the lady’s fingers on the right side. The left palm should not be folded inwards, there should be a straight line running from the elbow to the palm. The palm should be angled diagonally to the floor. The upper part of the right arm should slant downwards, with the arm bent at the elbow. From the elbow to the palm, the arm slants upward. The hand is held at the same level as the left ear, with the lower arm, from the elbow to the palm, being angled outwards.
Lady
	The left hand rests lightly on the man's right hand. The fingers of the left hand are held grouped together below his right shoulder (depending on the height of the man).
	The right arm slants downwards from the shoulder to the elbow and then upwards from the elbow to the man’s left hand. The lady's fingers are held by the man between his thumb and forefinger.

$ # + 1. NATURAL TURN
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Start facing DC, facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Slight lower e/o 1
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Full lower. Start to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		3

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF back and slightly to side
Footwork	T flat
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 3 and 4
Rise and Fall	Slight lower on 4 
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		1

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 4 and 5, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Full lower and start to rise on 5
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		2

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF closed to RF
Footwork	FT flat
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Body completes turn on 6
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 6. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		3

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back and slight to side
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Start backing DC, backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Slight lower e/o 1
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing DC
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Full lower and start to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	Body completes turn on 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		3

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 3 and 4
Rise and Fall	Slight lower on 4
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		1

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing Centre
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 4 and 5
Rise and Fall	Full lower and start to rise on 5
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		2

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 5 and 6
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 6. Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		3

$ # + 2. RF CLOSED CHANGE
Note: Man or Lady can dance Closed Change forward or backward.
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF fwd to arc
Footwork	T
Alignment	On alignment to step 3
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 1 and 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		3

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	Start to turn R on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1 NFR
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF back to arc
Footwork	T
Alignment	On alignment to step 3
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 1 and 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		3

$ # + 3. LF CLOSED CHANGE
Note: Man or Lady can dance Closed Change forward or backward.
MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF fwd to arc
Footwork	T
Alignment	On alignment to step 3
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 1 and 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF closed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		3

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF back to arc
Footwork	T
Alignment	On alignment to step 3
Amount of Turn	1/8 between 1 and 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of Turn	No turn
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		3

$ # + 4. REVERSE TURN

MAN
Step		1
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1
Rise and Fall	Start to rise e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	RF to side and slightly back
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing Wall
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 1 and 2
Rise and Fall	Up on 2
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	LF crossed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 2 and 3
Rise and Fall	Up on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		3

Step		4
Position of Feet	RF back and slightly to side
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1
Rise and Fall	Rise e/o 4, NFR
CBM		4
Sway		St
Rhythm		1

Step		5
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing between DW and LOD
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 4 and 5, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 5
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		2

Step		6
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	T flat
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Body completes turn on 6
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 6 Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		3

LADY
Step		1
Position of Feet	RF back
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	Start to turn L on 1
Rise and Fall	Lower e/o 1
CBM		1
Sway		R
Rhythm		1

Step		2
Position of Feet	LF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Pointing to DW
Amount of Turn	3/8 between 1 and 2, body turns less
Rise and Fall	Start to rise on 2
CBM		
Sway		R
Rhythm		2

Step		3
Position of Feet	RF closed to LF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Body turns on 3
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 3. Lower e/o 3
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		3

Step		4
Position of Feet	LF fwd
Footwork	HT
Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of Turn	Continue to turn L on 4
Rise and Fall	Down on 4
CBM		4
Sway		L
Rhythm		1

Step		5
Position of Feet	RF to side
Footwork	T
Alignment	Backing Wall
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 4 and 5
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 5
CBM		
Sway		L
Rhythm		2

Step		6
Position of Feet	LF crossed to RF
Footwork	TH
Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of Turn	1/4 between 5 and 6
Rise and Fall	Continue to rise on 6 Lower e/o 6
CBM		
Sway		St
Rhythm		3

+ $ # PASO DOBLE. HISTORIC REVIEW
	This dance is a stylisation of the main movements performed by a toreador in the bull-fighting arena. Every move has a name: veronica, cloak, ronda, cross turn. The character of the Paso Doble requires brisk but clear movements and slowness and lifelessness do not bring out the essence of the dance.

+ $ # PASO DOBLE. CHOREOGRAPHY
SUR PLACE
PRECEDE and FOLLOW with most syllabus figures

SEPARATION
PRECEDE
	Sur Place
	Separation
FOLLOW
	Sur Place
	Separation
	Syncopated Separation

FALLAWAY ENDING TO SEPARATION
PRECEDE
	Separation
FOLLOW
	Sur Place
	Fallaway Reverse
	Coupe de Pique

FALLAWAY REVERSE
PRECEDE
	From facing DC: Sur Place
	From facing centre: Coupe de Pique, Fallaway Ending to Separation
FOLLOW
	Sur Place

SYNCOPATED SEPARATION
PRECEDE
	Sur Place
	Separation
FOLLOW
	Left foot Variation
	Sur Place LF, count 1 , followed by steps 1-4 of the Coup de Pique, count 2. 3. 4. 5., then Sur Place LF, count 6 (Lady normal opposite).
	Omit step 23 and hesitate with weight on LF for 1 beat, then continue with Sur Place commenced with RF on count 1 (Lady normal opposite)

THE TWISTS
PRECEDE
	Sur Place
FOLLOW
	Left foot Variation
	Sur Place LF then 1-4 Coup de Pique

COUP DE PIQUE
PRECEDE 
	Sur Place
FOLLOW
	Sur Place
	Fallaway Ending to Separation

THE CHASSE CAPE
PRECEDE
	Sur Place
FOLLOW
	Fallaway Reverse

TRAVELLING SPINS FROM CPP
PRECEDE
	Sur Place
FOLLOW
	The Twists
	The Chasse Cape

$ # + HOLD AND USE OF ARMS
Stand facing partner, head erect and body upright, with light body contact when in Close Facing Position and about six inches apart when in Closed Facing Position. The Man should place his right hand on the Lady's left shoulder blade, the Lady resting her left arm lightly on his right arm following the curve of his arm to the shoulder.
The Lady should place the fingers of the right hand between the Man's thumb and first finger and the hands should be lightly clasped. The joined hands (Man's left and Lady's right) are raised to eye-level with the arms gently curved.
When in Promenade or Counter Promenade Position the hold is widened until the couple are about nine to twelve inches apart. If it is not practical for the Man to retain hold with his right hand on the Lady's back he may slip his right hand to the top of her left arm.
In Promenade Position the joined hands (Man's left and Lady's right) are usually lowered to about chest level with the arms gently curved, while in Counter Promenade Position they are usually raised to just above the level of the head with the arms gently curved.
Always remember the Paso Doble depicts the bull fight, with the Man as the matador and the Lady as the cape, therefore a proud stance should be maintained throughout.

$ # + 1. SUR PLACE
A series of steps danced in Close (or Closed) Facing Position on the ball of the feet, replacing the weight from one foot to the other. The heels may be lightly lowered. The knees are very slightly flexed. No turn or a gradual turn to right or left may be used. In 2/4 time one step is danced to each beat of music.
Lady dances the normal opposite.

$ # + 2. APPEL
This is a step in place danced on either foot with a strong lowering action and the foot flat. It is a firm step and is used to commence a number of figures.
When commenced in Close Facing Position as a preparation to a step in Promenade Position it will be taken slightly back. A slight body turn to left for the Man, and to right for the Lady may be used on the Appel preceding Promenade Position.
On step 1 of the Open Telemark and the Fallaway Reverse, the Man will dance the Appel with his RF slightly back (Lady's LF slightly forward). This is known as the "Slip Appel".

$ # + 3. SEPARATION
MAN
Commence facing LOD in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Appel on RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Timing		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2
Timing		2

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3
Timing		1

Step		4
Feet Positions	Sur Place LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4
Timing		2

Step		5-8
Feet Positions	4 Sur Place R.L.R.L.
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		5-8
Timing		1. 2. 1. 2.

End in Close (or Closed) Facing Position.

Footwork
l. WF 2. HF 3. B. 4. B. 5. B. 6. B. 7: B. 8. BF

Lead
Commence to lead Lady to move away on step 2 by lowering L arm. Now release hold with R hand and continue to lead Lady away on step 3. Lead Lady forward on steps 5-8 by gradually returning L arm to normal position, regaining hold with R hand on step 8.

LADY
Commence backing LOD in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Appel on LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Timing		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF back
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2
Timing		2

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF back
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3
Timing		1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4
Timing		2

Step		5-8
Feet Positions	4 Basic Movements forward L.R.L.R.
Suggested Alignment	Facing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		5-8
Timing		1. 2. 1. 2.

End in Close (or Closed) Facing Position.

Footwork
l. WF 2. BF 3. B. 4. B. 5. B. 6. B. 7. B. 8. BF

$ # + 4. FALLAWAY ENDING TO SEPARATION
MAN
Commence facing LOD and precede this figure with the Separation, leading Lady forward to right side over steps 5-8 and regaining hold with R hand. Weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF forward OP
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	1/4 to R on 1.
Count		1
Timing		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF forward OP
Suggested Alignment	Facing against LOD
Amount of turn	1/4 to R between 1 and 2
Count		2
Timing		2

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF back and slightly to side in Fallaway
Suggested Alignment	Moving down LOD backing DW
Amount of turn	1/8 between 2 and 3
Count		3
Timing		1

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF back in Fallaway and CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Moving down LOD backing DW
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4
Timing		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 4 and 5
Count		5
Timing		1

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		6
Timing		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	RF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		7
Timing		1

Step		8
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		8
Timing		2

End in Close (or Closed) Facing Position.

Footwork
1. 2. HF or BF 3. 4. BF 5. B. or BF 6. B. or BF 7. B. or BF, 8. B. or BF

LADY
Commence facing against LOD and precede this figure with the Separation, moving to Man’s R side over steps 5-8 and regaining hold with L hand. Weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF forward OP
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	1/4 to R on 1.
Count		1
Timing		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF forward OP
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	1/4 to R between 1 and 2
Count		2
Timing		2

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF back and slightly to side in Fallaway
Suggested Alignment	Moving down LOD backing DC
Amount of turn	3/8 between 2 and 3
Count		3
Timing		1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF back in Fallaway and CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Moving down LOD backing DC
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4
Timing		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing centre
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 4 and 5
Count		5
Timing		1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		6
Timing		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		7
Timing		1

Step		8
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		8
Timing		2

End in Close (or Closed) Facing Position.

Footwork
1. 2. HF or BF 3. 4. BF 5. B. or BF 6. B. or BF 7. B. or BF, 8. B. or BF

$ # + 5. FALLAWAY REVERSE
MAN
Commence facing DC in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Slip Appel RF
Suggested Alignment	Backing wall
Amount of turn	1/8 to L.
Count		1
Timing		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn L.
Count		2
Timing		2

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF to side and slightly back
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	1/4 between 2 and 3
Count		3
Timing		1

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF back in CBMP and Fallaway
Suggested Alignment	Backing between DC and centre
Amount of turn	Just over 1/8 between 3 and 4
Count		4
Timing		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF back
Suggested Alignment	Backing centre
Amount of turn	Just under 1/8 between 4 and 5
Count		5
Timing		1

Step		6
Feet Positions	Replace weight forward to LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of turn	1/8 between 5 and 6
Count		6
Timing		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	RF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 between 6 and 7
Count		7
Timing		1

Step		8
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		8
Timing		2

End in Close (or Closed) Facing Position.

Footwork
1. BF 2. HF 3. BF 4. BF. 5. BF 6. HF 7. B. or BF 8.

LADY
Commence backing DC in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Slip Appel LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	1/8 to L.
Count		1
Timing		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF back
Suggested Alignment	Backing centre
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn to L.
Count		2
Timing		2

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF to side and slightly forward
Suggested Alignment	Almost pointing LOD
Amount of turn	Just under a 1/4 between 2 and 3, body turns less
Count		3
Timing		1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF back in CBMP and Fallaway
Suggested Alignment	Moving between centre and DC, backing between centre and DC against LOD
Amount of turn	Just under a 1/4 to R between 3 and 4
Count		4
Timing		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	Pivot on RF then LF forward in CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	Just under 1/2 to L on 5
Count		5
Timing		1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF back and slightly rightwards
Suggested Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of turn	1/8 between 5 and 6
Count		6
Timing		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 between 6 and 7
Count		7
Timing		1

Step		8
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		8
Timing		2

End in Close (or Closed) Facing Position.

Footwork
1. BF 2. BF: 3. BF 4. BF 5. B. (RF) BF (LF) 6. BF 7. B. or BF 8. B. or BF

$ # + 6. SYNCOPATED SEPARATION
MAN
Commence facing LOD in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on LF

Step		1-4
Feet Positions	1-4 of Separation retaining hold with arms extended (R.L.R.L.)
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1. 2. 3. 4
Timing		1. 2. 1. 2.
Beat Value		1. 1. 1. 1.

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF crosses loosely behind LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		5
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF crosses loosely behind RF
Suggested Alignment	Backing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		6
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		7
Feet Positions	RF crosses loosely behind LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		7
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		8
Feet Positions	LF crosses loosely behind RF
Suggested Alignment	Backing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		8
Timing		2
Beat Value		3/4

Step		9
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		a
Timing		a
Beat Value		1/4

Step		10
Feet Positions	LF points to side without weight, R knee flexed
Suggested Alignment	Backing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		3/4

Step		11
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Suggested Alignment	Backing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		a
Timing		a
Beat Value		1/4

Step		12
Feet Positions	RF points to side without weight, L knee flexed
Suggested Alignment	Backing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		13
Feet Positions	RF back in CBMP, Lady outside on L side
Suggested Alignment	Against LOD toe pointing DC
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 12 and 13
Count		3 (or Q)
Timing		1
Beat Value		1/2

Step		14
Feet Positions	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Pointing DC against LOD
Amount of turn	1/4 between l3 and 14, body turns less
Count		& (or Q)
Timing		&
Beat Value		1/2

Step		15
Feet Positions	RF crosses in front of LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC against LOD
Amount of turn	Body completes turn
Count		4 (or S)
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		16-19
Feet Positions	Twist to the L allowing feet to uncross. End with RF back, weight on RF
Suggested Alignment	End facing DW
Amount of turn	1/2 over steps 16-19
Count		5. 6. 7. 8
Timing		1. 2. 1. 2
Beat Value		4

Step		20
Feet Positions	LF forward in line with partner
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn L.
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		21
Feet Positions	RF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 between 20 and 21
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		22
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		23
Feet Positions	Sur Place RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

End in Close (or Closed) Facing Position.

Footwork
1. WF 2. HF 3. B. 4. B. 5. B. 6. B. 7. B. 8. BF 9. WF 10. Inside edge of toe
11. WF 12. Inside edge of toe. 13. BF 14. BF 15. BF 16-19. Pressure on balls
of both feet, RF flat. 20. HF 21. 22. and 23. B. or BF

LADY
Commence backing LOD in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on RF

Step		1-4
Feet Positions	1-4 of Separation retaining hold with arms extended (L.R.L.R.)
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1. 2. 3. 4
Timing		1. 2. 1. 2
Beat Value		1. 1. 1. 1

Step		5
Feet Positions	LF crosses loosely in front of RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		5
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF crosses loosely in front of LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		6
Timing		2
Beat Value		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	LF crosses loosely in front of RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		7
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		8
Feet Positions	RF crosses loosely in front of LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		8
Timing		2
Beat Value		3/4

Step		9
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		a
Timing		a
Beat Value		1/4

Step		10
Feet Positions	RF points to side without weight, L knee flexed
Suggested Alignment	Facing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		3/4

Step		11
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		a
Timing		a
Beat Value		1/4

Step		12
Feet Positions	LF points to side without weight, R knee flexed
Suggested Alignment	Facing against LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		13
Feet Positions	LF forward and across in CBMP, OP on L side
Suggested Alignment	Moving DC against LOD, toe pointing DW against LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 to L, between 12 and 13
Count		3 (or Q)
Timing		1
Beat Value		1/2

Step		14
Feet Positions	RF to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing centre
Amount of turn	1/8 between 13 and 14
Count		& (or Q)
Timing		&
Beat Value		1/2

Step		15
Feet Positions	LF back and slightly behind RF
Suggested Alignment	Backing DC against LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 between 14 and 15
Count		4 (or S)
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		16
Feet Positions	RF to side and slightly forward in PP
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW against LOD
Amount of turn	1/4 to R between 15 and 16
Count		5
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		17
Feet Positions	LF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	Curving 1/8 to L between 16 and 17
Count		6
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		18
Feet Positions	RF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of turn	Curving 1/8 between 17 and 18
Count		7
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		19
Feet Positions	LF forward then pivot to L.
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC, end backing DW
Amount of turn	Curving 1/4 between 18 and 19 then 1/4 on 19 (pivot)
Count		8
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		20
Feet Positions	RF back
Suggested Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn L.
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		21
Feet Positions	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 between 20 and 21
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		22
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		23
Feet Positions	Sur Place LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

End in Close (or Closed) Facing Position.

Footwork
1. WF 2: BF 3. B. 4. B. 5. B. 6. B. 7. B. 8. BF 9. WF 10. Inside edge of toe. 11. WF 12. Inside edge of toe. 13. BF 14. BF 15. B. 16. B. 17. B. 18. B. 19. BF 20. BF 21. 22. and 23. B. or BF

$ # + 7. THE TWISTS
MAN
Commence facing wall in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Appel on RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing Wall
Amount of turn	Nil, or slight body turn to L
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF to side in PP
Suggested Alignment	Moving along LOD facing DW
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 1 and 2
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF forward and across in PP and CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Moving along LOD facing DW
Amount of turn	Commencing to turn R
Count		3
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of turn	1/4 to R between 3 and 4
Count		4
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF crosses behind LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 between 4 and 5
Count		5 (or Q)
Timing		1
Beat Value		1/2

Step		6
Feet Positions	Twist to R with feet in place. End with weight on LF slightly back
Suggested Alignment	End facing DC
Amount of turn	3/8 between 5 and 6
Count		and (or Q)
Timing		and
Beat Value		1/2

Step		7
Feet Positions	RF forward OP on R side
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 between 6 and 7
Count		6 (or S)
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		8
Feet Positions	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of turn	3/8 between 7 and 8
Count		7 (or S)
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		9-12
Feet Positions	Repeat steps 5-8 (R.L.R.L.)
Suggested Alignment	As 5-8
Amount of turn	As 5-8
Count		8 and (or QQ) 1. 2 (or SS)
Timing		2 and 1. 2
Beat Value		1/2. 1/2 1. 1

Step		13-14
Feet Positions	Repeat steps 5 and 6 (R.L.)
Suggested Alignment	As 5 and 6
Amount of turn	As 5 and 6
Count		3 and (or QQ)
Timing		1 and
Beat Value		1/2. 1/2

Step		15
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4 (or S)
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

End in Close (or Closed) Facing Position.

Footwork
l. WF 2. HF 3. HF 4. BF 5. B. 6. Pressure on balls of both feet, ending LF flat. 7. HF 8. BF 9. B. 10. Pressure on balls of both feet, ending LF flat. 11. HF 12. BF 13. B. 14. Pressure on balls of both feet, ending LF flat. 15 WF

Lead
On steps 5 and 6, 9 and 10 and 13 and 14 the Man will "whip" the Lady around to his R side leading mainly with his R hand. On steps 7 and 11 he will lead her to step back by extending both arms forward.

LADY
Commence backing wall in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Appel on LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing Wall
Amount of turn	Nil, or slight body turn to R
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF to side in PP
Suggested Alignment	Moving along LOD facing DC
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 1 and 2
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF forward and across in PP and CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Pointing LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 between 2 and 3 body turns less
Count		3
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Body completes turn
Count		4
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		5
Feet Positions	LF forward preparing to step OP on R side
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of turn	1/8 between 4 and 5
Count		5 (or Q)
Timing		1
Beat Value		1/2

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF forward OP on R side
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW against LOD
Amount of turn	1/4 between 5 and 6
Count		and (or Q)
Timing		and
Beat Value		1/2

Step		7
Feet Positions	LF back
Suggested Alignment	Down LOD end backing DW
Amount of turn	1/4 between 6 and 7
Count		6 (or S)
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		8
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF (Heel Turn)
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of turn	1/4 between 7 and 8
Count		7 (or S)
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		9-12
Feet Positions	Repeat steps 5-8 (L.R.L.R.)
Suggested Alignment	As 5-8
Amount of turn	1/4 between 8 and 9 then as 6-8
Count		8 and (or QQ) 1.2 (or SS)
Timing		2 and 1. 2
Beat Value		1/2. 1/2. 1. 1

Step		13-14
Feet Positions	Repeat steps 5 and 6 (L.R.)
Suggested Alignment	As 5 and 6
Amount of turn	As 9 and 10
Count		3 and (or QQ)
Timing		1 and
Beat Value		1/2. 1/2

Step		15
Feet Positions	LF almost closes to RF
Suggested Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4 (or S)
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

End in Close (or Closed) Facing Position

Footwork
1. WF 2. HF 3. HF 4. HF 5. B. 6. RF 7. B.H. 8. H.B. 9. B. 10. BF 11. B.H. 12. H.B. 13. B. 14. BF 15. BF

$ # + 8. COUP DE PIQUE
MAN
Commence facing centre in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Point RF forward and across in PP and CBMP, without weight, L knee flexed
Suggested Alignment	Against LOD, facing DC against LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 to L on LF
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 1 and 2
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF back in Fallaway and CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Down LOD, backing DW
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 2 and 3
Count		3
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 3 and 4
Count		4
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		5
Feet Positions	LF back in Fallaway and CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Down LOD, backing DW
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 4 and 5
Count		5
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 5 and 6
Count		6
Timing		2
Beat Value		1/2

Step		7
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		and
Timing		and
Beat Value		1/2

Step		8
Feet Positions	RF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		7
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		9
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		8
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

End in Close (or Closed) Facing Position

Footwork
l. BF (LF), outside edge of toe (RF). 2. Toes of both feet. 3. Balls of both feet 4. Toes of both feet. 5. Balls of both feet. 6. B. 7. B. 8. B. or BF 9. B. or BF

Notes
l. The Coup de Pique may be commenced in other alignments according to the preceding figure.
2. Up to a 1/4 turn may be made on each step (1-6).
3. Alternative methods of dancing the Coup de Pique :
(a) Steps 1- 4 preceding the Left Foot Variation.
(b) Steps 1- 4, then a LF Sur Place (counted "and") Repeat 1-4 of the Coup de Pique and follow with the Left Foot Variation.
(c) After the Syncopated Separation or Twists dance a LF Sur Place followed by 1-4 of the Coup de Pique.

LADY
Commence facing wall in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Point LF forward and across in PP and CBMP, without weight, R knee flexed
Suggested Alignment	Against LOD, facing DW against LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 to R on RF
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 1 and 2
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF back in Fallaway and CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Down LOD, backing DC
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 2 and 3
Count		3
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 3 and 4
Count		4
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF back in Fallaway and CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Down LOD, backing DC
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 4 and 5
Count		5
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 5 and 6
Count		6
Timing		2
Beat Value		1/2

Step		7
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		and
Timing		and
Beat Value		1/2

Step		8
Feet Positions	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		7
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		9
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		8
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

End in Close (or Closed) Facing Position

Footwork
l. BF (RF), outside edge of toe (LF). 2. Toes of both feet. 3. Balls of both feet 4. Toes of both feet. 5. Balls of both feet. 6. B. 7. B. 8. B. or BF 9. B. or BF

$ # + 9. THE CHASSE CAPE
MAN
Commence facing wall in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Appel on RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing Wall
Amount of turn	Nil, or slight body turn to L
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF to side in PP
Suggested Alignment	Moving along LOD facing DW
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 1 and 2
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF forward and across in PP and CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Moving along LOD facing DW
Amount of turn	Commencing to turn R
Count		3
Timing		3
Beat Value		1

Step		4
Feet Positions and lead	LF to side and slightly back
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	3/8 between 3 and 4
Count		4
Timing		4
Beat Value		1

Step		5
Feet Positions and lead	RF back, R shoulder leading, preparing to lead partner outside on R side
Suggested Alignment	Backing between LOD and DW
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn R.
Count		5
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		6
Feet Positions and lead	LF back in CBMP, partner outside (Pivot)
Suggested Alignment	To wall, end facing DC
Amount of turn	1/4 to R over steps 5 and 6 and 1/8 on 6
Count		6
Timing		2
Beat Value		2

Step		7
Feet Positions and lead	RF forward in CBMP, OP
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn R.
Count		7
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		8
Feet Positions and lead	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing centre
Amount of turn	3/8 between 7 and 8
Count		8
Timing		2
Beat Value		1/2

Step		9
Feet Positions and lead	RF closes towards LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		and
Timing		and
Beat Value		1/2

Step		10
Feet Positions and lead	LF to side and slightly back
Suggested Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 9 and 10
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		11
Feet Positions and lead	RF back in CBMP, partner outside on L side (Pivot)
Suggested Alignment	To centre, end facing DW
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 10 and 11 and 1/8 on 11
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		12
Feet Positions and lead	LF forward in CBMP, OP on L side
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn L.
Count		3
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		13
Feet Positions and lead	RF to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing wall
Amount of turn	3/8 between 12 and 13
Count		4
Timing		2
Beat Value		1/2

Step		14
Feet Positions and lead	LF closes towards RF
Suggested Alignment	Backing wall
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		and
Timing		and
Beat Value		1/2

Step		15
Feet Positions and lead	RF to side and slightly back
Suggested Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 14 and 15
Count		5
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		16
Feet Positions and lead	LF back in CBMP, partner outside (Pivot)
Suggested Alignment	To wall, end facing DC
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 15 and 16 and 1/8 on 16
Count		6
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		17
Feet Positions and lead	RF forward in CBMP, OP
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn R.
Count		7
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		18
Feet Positions and lead	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing centre
Amount of turn	3/8 between 17 and 18
Count		8
Timing		2
Beat Value		1/2

Step		19
Feet Positions and lead	RF closes towards LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		and
Timing		and
Beat Value		1/2

Step		20
Feet Positions and lead	LF to side and slightly back
Suggested Alignment	Backing DC
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 19 and 20
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		21
Feet Positions and lead	RF back in CBMP, partner outside on L side
Suggested Alignment	To centre, end facing DW
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 20 and. 21 and 1/8 on 21
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		22
Feet Positions and lead	LF forward in CBMP, OP on L side
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn L.
Count		3
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		23
Feet Positions and lead	RF forward and slightly to side in L Side-by-Side Position, having released hold with R hand
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 between 22 and 23
Count		4
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		24
Feet Positions and lead	LF forward without weight but with pressure, L knee bent, R leg straight. L heel raised (Press line)
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW, (L Toe pointing LOD)
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 23 and 24
Count		5
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		25
Feet Positions and lead	Hold position for 3 counts
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW, (L Toe pointing LOD)
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		6. 7. 8
Timing		2. 1. 2
Beat Value		3

Step		26
Feet Positions and lead	LF closes to RF (Commence to raise L arm and turn Lady to R.)
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	3/8 to L between 25 and 26
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1/2

Step		27-28
Feet Positions and lead	2 Sur Place (R.L.) turning Lady to R under the raised arms.
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		and 2
Timing		and 2
Beat Value		1/2. 1

Step		29-34
Feet Positions and lead	3 Chasses to R (R.L.R.L.R.L.) regaining normal hold
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8
Timing		1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2
Beat Value		1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1

End in Close (or Closed) Facing Position.

Footwork
l. WF 2. HF 3. HF 4. BF 5. BF, 6. BF 7. HF 8. BF 9. BF 10. BF 11. BF 12. HF 13. BF  14. BF  15. BF 16. BF 17. HF 18. BF 19. BF 20. BF 21. BF 22. HF 23. HF 24, 25 Pressure on ball of LF, RF flat. 26. B. (RF) foot flat, and BF (LF). 27-34. B. or BF

Lead
Sway to L on the Chasses to L (steps 8-10 and 18-20) and to R on the Chasse to R (steps 13-15) to assist the lead. On step 23 release hold with R hand and lead Lady in L Side-by-Side Position by lowering the joined hands (Man's L hand and Lady's R.) bringing them up and forward to just below chest level on step 24 with the R arm raised and extended to the side.

Notes
1. The Man may release hold with L hand on step 26 as he leads Lady to turn to her R., regaining normal hold at the end of her turn.
2. In place of the pivots on steps 6, 11 and 16, the Man may keep his feet in place as he turns on the ball of the back foot (foot flat) and the heel of the front foot, still keeping his feet in place as he transfers his weight fully on to the front foot on the following step.
3. Steps 13-22 may be omitted.

LADY
Commence backing wall in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Appel on LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing Wall
Amount of turn	Nil, or slight body turn to R
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF to side in PP
Suggested Alignment	Moving along LOD facing DC
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 1 and 2
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF forward and across in PP and CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Pointing LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 between 2 and 3 body turns less
Count		3
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Body completes turn
Count		4
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		5
Feet Positions	LF forward preparing to step OP
Suggested Alignment	Facing between LOD and DW
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn R.
Count		5
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF forward in CBMP, OP
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn R completing 1/4 over steps 5 and 6
Count		6
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		7
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC against LOD
Amount of turn	3/8 between 6 and 7
Count		7
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		8
Feet Positions	RF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	1/8 between 7 and 8
Count		8
Timing		2
Beat Value		1/2

Step		9
Feet Positions	LF closes towards RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		and
Timing		and
Beat Value		1/2

Step		10
Feet Positions	RF to side and slightly forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 9 and 10
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		11
Feet Positions	L F. forward in CBMP, OP on L side
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 10 and 11
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		12
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing D. W. against LOD
Amount of turn	3/8 between 11 and 12
Count		3
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		13
Feet Positions	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	1/8 between 12 and 13
Count		4
Timing		2
Beat Value		1/2

Step		14
Feet Positions	RF closes towards LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		and
Timing		and
Beat Value		1/2

Step		15
Feet Positions	LF to side and slightly forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 14 and 15
Count		5
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		16
Feet Positions	RF forward in CBMP, OP
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 15 and 16
Count		6
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		17
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC against LOD
Amount of turn	3/8 between 16 and 17
Count		7
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		18
Feet Positions	RF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	1/8 between 17 and 18
Count		8
Timing		2
Beat Value		1/2

Step		19
Feet Positions	LF closes towards RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		and
Timing		and
Beat Value		1/2

Step		20
Feet Positions	RF to side and slightly forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 19 and 20
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		21
Feet Positions	LF forward in CBMP, OP on L side
Suggested Alignment	Facing centre
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 20 and 21
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		22
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW against LOD
Amount of turn	3/8 between 21 and 22
Count		3
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		23
Feet Positions	LF forward and slightly to side in L Side-by-Side position, Man having released hold with R hand
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	3/8 between 22 and 23
Count		4
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		24
Feet Positions	RF forward without weight but with pressure, R knee bent. L leg straight. R heel raised. (Press line)
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC (R. Toe pointing LOD)
Amount of turn	1/8 between 23 and 24
Count		5
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		25
Feet Positions	Hold position for 3 counts
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC (R. Toe pointing LOD)
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		6. 7. 8
Timing		2. 1. 2
Beat Value		3

Step		26
Feet Positions	RF forward, small step
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	3/8 to R between 25 and 26
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1/2

Step		27
Feet Positions	Turn to R on RF under the raised arms and almost close LF to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of turn	7/8 between 26 and 27
Count		and
Timing		and
Beat Value		1/2

Step		28
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	1/8 between 27 and 28
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		29-34
Feet Positions	3 Chasses to side (L.R.L.R.L.R.) regaining normal hold.
Suggested Alignment	Facing wall
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8
Timing		1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2
Beat Value		1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1

End in Close (or Closed) facing position.

Footwork
1. WF 2. HF 3. HF 4. HF 5. HF 6. H.B. 7. BF 8. BF 9. BF 10. BF 11. H.B. 12. BF 13. BF 14. BF 15. BF 16. H.B. 17. BF 18. BF 19. BF 20. BF 21. H.B. 22. BF 23. HF 24, 25 Pressure on ball of RF, LF flat. 26. B. 27. B. 28-34, B. or BF

Notes
1. Sway to R on steps 8-10 and 18-20 and to L on steps 13-15.
2. When in L Side-by-Side Position for steps 24 and 25 the L arm should be raised and extended to the side.
3. The Man may release hold on step 26 as he leads Lady to turn to her R., regaining normal hold at the end of her turn.

$ # + 10. TRAVELLING SPINS FROM COUNTER PROMENADE POSITION
MAN
Commence facing wall in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Appel on RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing Wall
Amount of turn	Nil, or slight body turn to L
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF to side in PP
Suggested Alignment	Moving along LOD facing DW
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 1 and 2
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF forward and across in PP and CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Moving along LOD facing DW
Amount of turn	Commencing to turn R
Count		3
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF back and slightly to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing DW
Amount of turn	1/2 to R between 3 and 4
Count		4
Timing		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF to side in Counter PP
Suggested Alignment	Moving along LOD facing DC
Amount of turn	1/4 between 4 and 5
Count		5
Timing		1

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF forward and across in CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Moving along LOD facing DC
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		6
Timing		2

Step		7-8
Feet Positions	Repeat steps 5 and 6 (R.L.)
Suggested Alignment	Moving along LOD facing DC
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		7. 8
Timing		1. 2

Step		9
Feet Positions	RF forward and slightly to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 8 and 9
Count		1
Timing		1

Step		10
Feet Positions	LF to side in PP
Suggested Alignment	Moving to centre facing DC
Amount of turn	1/8 to L between 9 and 10
Count		2
Timing		2

End in Promenade Position.

Footwork
l. WF 2. HF 3. HF 4. BF 5-8 HF or BF 9. HF 10. HF

Lead
Raise L arm on step 5 and then with L hand continue to turn Lady to her R under the raised arms having released hold with R hand. Continue to turn Lady to R under the raised arms on steps 6-8. Regain normal hold on step 9.

LADY
Commence backing wall in Close (or Closed) Facing Position, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Appel on LF
Suggested Alignment	Backing Wall
Amount of turn	Nil, or slight body turn to R
Count		1
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF to side in PP
Suggested Alignment	Moving along LOD facing DC
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 1 and 2
Count		2
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF forward and across in PP and CBMP
Suggested Alignment	Pointing LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 between 2 and 3 body turns less
Count		3
Timing		1
Beat Value		1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Body completes turn
Count		4
Timing		2
Beat Value		1

Step		5
Feet Positions	LF to side in Counter PP and turn to R on LF to end with RF crossed loosely in front without weight ("Spiral" type turn)
Suggested Alignment	Moving along LOD facing DW End facing DC
Amount of turn	1/8 to R between 4 and 5 and 3/4 on 5
Count		5
Timing		1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 between 5 and 6
Count		6
Timing		2

Step		7-8
Feet Positions	Repeat steps 5 and 6 (L.R.)
Suggested Alignment	As 5, 6 (L.R.)
Amount of turn	As 5 and 6
Count		7. 8
Timing		1. 2

Step		9
Feet Positions	LF back and slightly to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	1/2 between 8 and 9
Count		1
Timing		1

Step		10
Feet Positions	RF to side in PP
Suggested Alignment	Moving to centre facing DC against LOD
Amount of turn	1/8 between 9 and 10
Count		2
Timing		2

End in Promenade Position

Footwork
1. WF 2. HF 3. HF 4. HF 5. BF (LF) and toe of RF 6. HF 7. BF (LF) and toe of RF 8. HF 9. BF 10. HF

+ $ # RUMBA. HISTORIC REVIEW
	The Rumba requires a good sense of rhythm and also persistence to master the technical niceties which tend to be skipped by less skilled dancers. These niceties come as a result of good balance and coordinated movement of the ankles, knees and hips. Continual training will enable dancers to perform the Rumba in unison.

+ $ # RUMBA. CHOREOGRAPHY
BASIC MOVEMENT
PRECEDE
	Basic Movement
	Alemana
	Progressive Walks Forward
	Cucaracha to R
	Hockey Stick
	Spot Turn to L
	Rope Spinning
	Three Threes
	Sliding Doors
Into Step 4
	1-3 Basic Movement
	Progressive Walks Backward
	Cucaracha to L
	Spot Turn to R
FOLLOW
From Step 6
	Basic Movement
	Progressive Walks Forward
	Fan
From Step 3
	4-6 Basic Movement
	Progressive Walks Backward
	Alemana

FAN
PRECEDE
	Basic Movement
	Progressive Walks Forward
	Alemana
	Cucaracha to R
	Spot Turn to L
	Rope Spinning
	Three Threes
Into Step 4
	1-6 Progressive Walks Backward
	Cucaracha to L
FOLLOW
From Fan Position
	Alemana
	Hockey Stick
	Sliding Doors
From Open Facing Position
	1-3 Basic Movement into Progressive Walks Backward
	Three Threes

ALEMANA
PRECEDE
From Fan Position
	Fan
	Advanced Hip Twists
From Open Facing Position
	Hockey Stick (Lady RF back on Step)
	Advanced Hip Twists
From Closed Facing Position
	4-6 from 1-3 Basic Movement
	Cucaracha to L
FOLLOW
	Basic Movement
	Rope Spinning
	Advanced Hip Twists

HOCKEY STICK
PRECEDE
	Fan
	Advanced Hip Twists
FOLLOW
	Basic Movement
	1-3 of Basic Movement into Progressive Walks Backward
	Alemana
	Three Threes

PROGRESSIVE WALKS FORWARD AND BACKWARD
Forward Walks
PRECEDE
	1-6 Basic Movement stepping forward on 6.
FOLLOW
	Basic Movement
	Fan

Backward Walks
PRECEDE
	1-3 Basic Movement stepping back on 3.
FOLLOW
	4-6 Basic Movement
	4-6 Fan
	Rope Spinning (Man closes feet on 3rd or 9th step)

CUCARACHAS (Pressure Steps)
Cucaracha to Left
PRECEDE
	Cucaracha to Right
FOLLOW
	4-6 Basic Movement
	4-6 Fan
	4-6 Alemana
	Cucaracha to Right

Cucaracha to Right
PRECEDE
	Cucaracha to Left
FOLLOW
	Cucaracha to Left
	Basic Movement
	Fan

SPOT TURNS
Spot Turns to Left
Normally commenced with RF - RLR
PRECEDE
	Spot turn to R
FOLLOW
	Basic Movement
	Fan
	Spot turn to R

Spot Turns to Right
Normally commenced with LF - LRL
PRECEDE
	Spot turn to L
FOLLOW
	4-6 Basic Movement
	Spot turn to L
	Progressive Walks Backward

SLIDING DOORS
PRECEDE
	Fan
	Advanced Hip Twists
	Steps 7-18 may be danced from an overturned Alemana. (1 3/4 turns to R)
FOLLOW
From Open Facing Position
	1-3 Basic Movement into Progressive Walks Backward
	Alemana
	Three Threes
From Fan Position
	Alemana
	Hockey Stick

ROPE SPINNING
PRECEDE
	Alemana
	Progressive Walks Backward
FOLLOW
From Closed Facing Position
	Basic Movement
When ended with Lady at right angles to Man on his R. side in normal hold
	Advanced Hip Twists

THREE THREES
PRECEDE
	Hockey Stick
	Fan or Advanced Hip Twists when ended in Open Facing Position
FOLLOW
	Basic Movement
	Advanced Hip Twists

ADVANCED HIP TWISTS
PRECEDE
	Alemana
	Rope Spinning
	Three Threes
	All ended with Man stepping RF forward
FOLLOW
From Fan Position
	Alemana
	Hockey Stick
	Sliding Doors
From Open Facing Position
	1-3 Basic Movement into Progressive Walks Backward
	Three Threes
	Alemana
$ # + NORMAL HOLD
Stand facing partner about six inches apart with the head erect and the body naturally upright. The Man should place his right hand on the Lady's left shoulder blade, the Lady resting her left arm lightly on his, following the curve of his arm to the shoulder. The Man's left hand should be raised in a gentle curve to the level of the eyes; the Lady should place the fingers of her right hand between his thumb and first finger and both hands should be lightly clasped.

$ # + 1. BASIC MOVEMENT
MAN
Commence in Closed Facing Position, feet apart, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Commence to turn to L.
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF to side and slightly back
Amount of turn	Continue to turn completing 1/8 to L over steps 1 to 3 (up to a 1/4 may be made).
Count		4.1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF to side
Amount of turn	Continue to turn completing 1/8 to L over steps 4-6 (up to a 1/4 may be made) .
Count		4.1

End in Closed Facing Position.

Footwork.
Ball Flat throughout.

LADY
Commence in Closed Facing Position, feet apart, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Commence to turn to L.
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF to side
Amount of turn	Continue to turn completing 1/8 to L over steps 1 to 3 (up to a 1/4 may be made).
Count		4.1

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF to side and slightly back
Amount of turn	Continue to turn completing 1/8 to L over steps 4-6 (up to a 1/4 may be made) .
Count		4.1

End in Closed Facing Position.

Footwork.
Ball Flat throughout.

$ # + 2. FAN
MAN
Commence in Closed Facing Position, feet apart, weight on RF

Step		1-3
Feet Positions	1-3 Basic Movement L.R.L.
Amount of turn	1/8 to L over 1-3
Count		2. 3. 4. 1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF to side
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

End in Fan (or Open Facing) Position.

Footwork. 
Ball Flat throughout.

Leads
Lead Lady forward on 4 by a slight pressure with R hand and to step back on 5 & 6 by releasing with R hand and giving slight pressure with L hand

LADY
Commence in Closed Facing Position, feet apart, weight on LF

Step		1-3
Feet Positions	1-3 Basic Movement R.L.R.
Amount of turn	1/8 to L over 1-3
Count		2, 3, 4. 1

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Commence to turn L.
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF back and slightly to side
Amount of turn	Continue turning L.
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF back
Amount of turn	Continue turning L to complete 1/4 over steps 4-6
Count		4. 1

End in Fan (or Open Facing) Position.

Footwork. 
Ball Flat throughout.

$ # + 3. ALEMANA
MAN
Commence in Fan (or Open Facing) Position, feet apart, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

End in Closed Facing (or Lady at right angles to Man on his R side, normal hold, or R Side-by-Side) Position.

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

Leads
Allow Lady to close on 1. Draw L arm upwards to a point just in front of the body in a slight clockwise curve to lead Lady forward on 2 and to commence to turn R on 3. Continue to circle arm to lead lady to continue to turn R on 4 and 5. Lower L arm and take normal hold on 6. To end with Lady at right angles to man lower L arm to waist level on 6, and to end in R: Side-by-Side Position move L arm down and rightwards on 6.

LADY
Commence in Fan (or Open Facing) Position, LF back, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Close RF to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF forward
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R.
Count		4. 1

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Continue turning R.
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF forward
Amount of turn	Continue turning R.
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Continue turning R completing 1 1/4 turns to R over steps 3-6
Count		4. 1

End in Closed Facing (or at right angles to man on his R side, normal hold, or R Side-by-Side) Position.
Amount of turn when ended in :
(a) Closed Facing Position - as chart.
(b) At right angles to man on his R side - 1 1/2 turns to R (LF ends side and slightly back).
(c) R Side-by-Side position - 1 3/4 turns to R (LF ends back)

Footwork.
Ball Flat throughout.

$ # + 4. HOCKEY STICK
MAN
Commence in Fan Position, feet apart, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Continue to turn R.
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF forward
Amount of turn	Continue to turn R to complete 1/8 over steps 4-6
Count		4. 1

End in Open Facing Position.

Footwork. 
Ball Flat throughout:

Leads
Allow Lady to close on 1. Lead Lady forward on 2 and 3 gradually raising L arm. Commence to turn Lady to her L on 4, continue turning her on 5, gradually lowering L: arm over 5 and 6.

LADY
Commence in Fan Position, LF back, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Close RF to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF forward
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Commence to turn L
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF back and slightly to side
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L.
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF back
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L completing 5/8 over steps 4-6
Count		4. 1

End in Open Facing Position.

Footwork. 
Ball Flat throughout:

$ # + 5. PROGRESSIVE WALKS FORWARD AND BACKWARD
These are steps taken forward or backward with normal hip movement and are danced in groups of 3 or 6 steps. Forward Walks normally commence on the LF and Backward Walks on the RF and may be danced in Closed or Open Facing Position to the count of 2, 3, 4. l. They may be taken straight or with a slight curve to L or R Footwork is Ball Flat throughout. The front toe must remain in contact with the floor as it commences to move back.

$ # + 6. CUCARACHAS (Pressure Steps)
MAN
Commence in Closed Facing Position, feet closed, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF to side with part weight
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	Close LF to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

End in Closed Facing Position.

Footwork.
1. Ball Flat. 2. Flat. 3. Ball Flat.

Notes
1. Strong hip movement should be used on step 1, but heel of supporting foot should not be released from floor.
2. May be commenced with RF to side.
3. In advanced variations step 1 may be taken either forward, diagonally forward, to side, diagonally back or back, and may be danced as a “Press Line” when taken forward or diagonally forward. i.e. LF forward on ball of foot with L knee flexed, R leg straight and R heel on floor. No hip movement would be used.

LADY
Commence in Closed Facing Position, feet closed, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF to side with part weight
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	Close RF to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

End in Closed Facing Position.

Footwork.
1. Ball Flat. 2. Flat. 3. Ball Flat.

$ # + 7. SPOT TURNS
These are three forward walks danced solo by Man or Lady circling to the L or R or a solo turn in which one foot may remain on a spot around which the circle is made. They are part of Three Threes and used as an ending to Hand to Hand and other figures. A complete turn is normally used.

SPOT TURN TO LEFT
Normally commenced with RF- R.L.R.

SPOT TURN TO RIGHT
Normally commenced with LF- L.R.L.

$ # + 8. SLIDING DOORS
MAN
Commence in Fan Position, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF closes to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R.
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Continue to turn R.
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	Close RF to LF
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/8 to R over steps 4-6
Count		4. 1

Step		7
Feet Positions	LF to side
Amount of turn	Slight body turn to R.
Count		2

Step		8
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn body to L.
Count		3

Step		9
Feet Positions	Close LF to RF
Amount of turn	Body returns to original position
Count		4. 1

Step		10
Feet Positions	RF to side
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		11
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		12
Feet Positions	Close RF to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

Step		13-18
Feet Positions	As for Spiral
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2, 3, 4. 1   2, 3, 4. 1

End in Open Facing (or Fan or Close Facing) Position.

Footwork 
Ball Flat throughout (8 and 11 may be flat).

Leads
Allow Lady to close RF to LF on 1. Lead Lady forward on 2 and 3 gradually raising L arm. Commence to turn her to her L on 4 taking her L hand into Man’s R hand and lowering arms to waist level on 5. Retain this double hold until step 14. Lead Lady to step back on 7 by turning body to R with arms held steady, and in front of Man on step 9 by returning the body to original position. Lead her to step sideways towards his L side on 10 and back to his R side on step 12. Now continue as for Spiral releasing hold with R hand on step 14.

LADY
Commence in Fan Position, LF back, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	Close RF to LF.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF forward
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Commence to turn L.
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF to side and slightly back
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/8 to L over steps 4 and 5
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF back outside partner on R Side
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

Step		7
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		8
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		9
Feet Positions	RF forward and across
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

Step		10
Feet Positions	LF to side
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		11
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		12
Feet Positions	LF back and across; outside partner on R side
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

Step		13-18
Feet Positions	As for Spiral
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2, 3, 4. 1   2, 3, 4. 1

End in Open Facing (or Fan or Close Facing) Position.

Footwork
1-14 Ball Flat (11 may be flat).
15 Ball Flat RF and toe of LF.
16-18 Ball Flat.

Note
The Sliding Doors may be danced with an alternative hold as follows: Man will take Lady's R hand in his R hand at the end of step 3, releasing hold with L hand. On step 6 release hold with R hand and place it on Lady’s R shoulder blade, taking Lady's L hand in L hand. The hold will be released as Lady dances her Spiral turn on step 15. Man will take Lady's R hand in his L hand on step 18

$ # + 9. ROPE SPINNING
MAN
The Rope Spinning action commences on the last step of the preceding figure when the Man will lead Lady to turn sharply to her R under his raised L arm as he leans to R., releasing hold with his R hand to end with Lady on his R side facing opposite way.

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF to side
Amount of turn	Body turn to R on preceding step (and 1)
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Body commences to turn to L.
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	Close LF to RF in L Side-by-Side Position
Amount of turn	Body returns to original position
Count		4. 1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

End in Closed Facing (or Lady at right angles to Man on his R side, normal hold, or R Side-by-Side) Position.

Footwork. 
Ball Flat throughout.

Leads
Lead Lady to make a Spiral type turn to her R on count 1 of preceding step by turning body to R on count 4 with strong R sway, having raised L arm and released hold with R hand. Lead Lady with L hand to dance 6 walks forward circling from Man's R side behind his back to his L side and to end in Closed Facing Position.

LADY
The Rope Spinning action commences on the last step of the preceding figure, Lady turning sharply to her R on LF for a complete turn under Man’s raised L arm to finish on his R side facing the opposite way, with RF crossed loosely in front of LF without weight.

Step		1-3
Feet Positions	3 Walks Forward, R.L.R., circling to R behind Man's back to end in L Side-by-Side Position.
Amount of turn	Approx. 1 complete turn to R on the last step of the preceding figure and approx. 1 		complete turn to R over steps 1-6
Count		2, 3, 4. 1

Step		4-6
Feet Positions	3 Walks Forward, L.R.L., circling to R to end facing partner
Amount of turn	
Count		2, 3, 4. 1

End in Closed Facing (or at right angles to Man on his R side, normal hold, or R Side-by-Side Position).

Footwork. 
Ball Flat LF and toe of RF on preceding step.
1-6 Ball Flat.

Notes
(a) When ended at right angles to Man on his R side Lady will turn a further 1/4 to R at end of step 6. (LF ends side and slightly back.)
(b) When ended in R Side-by-Side Position, Lady will turn a further 1/2 to R at end of step 6. (LF ends back.)

$ # + 10. THREE THREES
MAN
Commence in Open Facing Position, feet apart, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	Close LF to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF. back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	Replace weight LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	Close RF to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

Step		7
Feet Positions	LF diagonally forward, part weight
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		8
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		9
Feet Positions	Close LF to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

Step		10
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		11
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		12
Feet Positions	Almost close RF to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

End in Closed Facing Position.

Footwork.
1-7 Ball Flat. 8. Flat. 9-12 Ball Flat.

Leads
Lead Lady forward on step 2. Turn her to R on 3 releasing with L hand on 6, placing hands on Lady's shoulders at the end of her turn. Turn her to L on 6 releasing with both hands, placing hands on Lady's shoulders at the end of her turn. Lead Lady diagonally back on 7, to replace on 8, and to turn R on 9; releasing with both hands.

LADY
Commence in Open Facing Position, weight on LF, LF back

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF forward (small step)
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF forward turning to R on RF and closing LF to RF without weight
Amount of turn	1/2 to R.
Count		4. 1

Step		4
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF turning to L with feet closed
Amount of turn	A complete turn to L.
Count		4. 1

Step		7
Feet Positions	RF diagonally back, part weight
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		8
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		9
Feet Positions	RF forward
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R.
Count		4. 1

Step		10
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Continue to turn R.
Count		2

Step		11
Feet Positions	RF forward
Amount of turn	Continue to turn R.
Count		3

Step		12
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1 1/2 turns to R over steps 9-12
Count		4. 1

End in Closed Facing Position.

Footwork. 
1 & 2 Ball Flat. 3 Ball Flat RF with pressure on toe of LF 4 & 5 Ball Flat. 6 Ball Flat LF with pressure on toe of RF 7 Ball Flat. 8 Flat 9-12 Ball Flat.

Notes
l. Lady will close RF to LF on step 1 when Man has not stepped forward on the preceding step.
2. On step 11 RF may remain in place.

$ # + 11. ADVANCED HIP TWISTS
MAN
Commence in Closed Facing Position (or lady at right angles on man’s R side), RF forward, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Slight Body turn to R.
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn body very slightly to L.
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF behind RF toe to heel with toe turned out
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L.
Count		4. 1

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/8 to L over steps 3 & 4
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF to side and slightly forward
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4. 1

End in Fan (or Open or Close Facing) Position.

Footwork. 
Ball Flat throughout:

Leads
Lead Lady to turn to her R: on 1 by turning body to R., to her L on 2 and 3 and to her R on 4 by pressure with base of R hand and to her L on 5 by releasing with R hand and retaining L hand braced in normal hold position.

Notes
Amount of turn over steps 3-6 when ended in :
(a) Fan Position as chart.
(b) Open Facing Position 3/8 to L:
(c) Close Facing Position 1/2 to L.

LADY
Commence in Closed Facing Position (or lady at right angles on man’s R side), feet apart, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Up to 1/2 turn to R on LF
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn L.
Count		3

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF forward outside partner on R side
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 5/8 to L over steps 2 & 3
Count		4. 1

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	1/2 turn to R.
Count		2

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF back and slightly to side
Amount of turn	Turn to L to complete 3/4 over steps 5 & 6
Count		3

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF back
Amount of turn	
Count		4. 1

End in Fan (or Open or Close Facing) Position.

Footwork. 
Ball Flat throughout.

Note
A strong twist of the hips is felt on steps 3 and 4 which should be taken with pressure through the ball of the foot and a slight delay in the lowering of the heel. The supporting foot should swivel in the direction of the twist. On step 4 shoulders should be held as square to the Man as possible. Step 5 should be taken forward and ended back and slightly to side:

+ $ # SAMBA. HISTORIC REVIEW
	This dance is of Brazilian origin. It enjoyed popularity in its simplified variant - two even lobes - but skilled dancers prefer its typical rhythm - uneven and interrupted.

+ $ # SAMBA. CHOREOGRAPHY
WHISKS TO R AND L
Whisk to Right
PRECEDE
	Whisk to L
	Shadow Bota Fogos
FOLLOW
	Whisk to L
	Samba Walks in PP (Man turn 1/4 to L Lady 1/4 to R to PP on Whisk)

Whisk to Left
PRECEDE
	Whisk to R
	Samba Walks in PP - RLR - (Man turn 1/4 to R Lady 1/4 to L on Whisk to face partner)
	Rolling Off the Arm
FOLLOW
	Whisk to R

SAMBA WALKS IN PP
PRECEDE
To step 1 (LF Walk)
	Whisk to R
	RF Samba Walks in PP
	Rolling Off the Arm
To step 4 (RF Walk)
	LF Samba Walks in PP
	Shadow Bota Fogos
FOLLOW
From step 6 (RF Walk)
	Whisk to L
	LF Samba Walks in PP
	Rolling Off the Arm
From step 3 (LF Walk)
	RF Samba Walks in PP
	Side Samba Walk

SIDE SAMBA WALK
PRECEDE
	LF Samba Walks in PP
FOLLOW
(a) When no turn is made follow with
	LF Samba Walks in PP
(b) When 1/8 turn is made (Man to R - Lady to L) follow with
	Shadow Bota Fogos

SHADOW BOTA FOGOS
PRECEDE
	Side Samba Walk
FOLLOW
(a) When ended in Closed Facing Position
	Whisk to R
(b) When ended in PP
	RF Samba Walks in PP
(c) When ended in Right Side-by-Side Position
	Rolling Off the Arm

TRAVELLING VOLTA 
PRECEDE
	RF Samba Walks in PP
FOLLOW
	RF Samba Walks in PP
	Shadow Bota Fogos

CIRCULAR VOLTA 
PRECEDE
	Bota Fogos
FOLLOW
	Bota Fogos

ROLLING OFF THE ARM
Suggested Amalgamation
After Shadow Bota Fogos ended in R Side-by-Side Position dance a Samba Walk - R.L.R. (Lady L.R.L.) or 3 Samba Walks and follow with the Rolling off the Arm ended in R Side-by-Side Position. Continue with 2 Samba Walks, L.R.L R.L.R. (Lady R.L.R. L.R.L.) into the Rolling off the Arm ended in Closed Facing Position. Follow with a Whisk L.R.L (Lady R.L.R.)

$ # + NORMAL HOLD
Stand facing partner about six inches apart with the head erect and the body naturally upright. The Man should place his right hand on the Lady's left shoulder blade, the Lady resting her left arm lightly on his, following the curve of his arm to the shoulder. The Man's left hand should be raised in a gentle curve to the level of the eyes. The Lady should place the fingers of her right hand between his thumb and first finger and both hands should be lightly clasped.

$ # + 1. WHISK TO RIGHT AND LEFT
MAN
Commence in Closed Facing Position, facing wall, weight on LF using Alternative Basic Bounce

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing Wall
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1 or S

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF behind RF toe to heel, toe slightly turned out
Suggested Alignment	Facing Wall
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		a

Step		3
Feet Positions	Replace weight on RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing Wall
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2 or S

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing Wall
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1 or S

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF behind LF toe to heel, toe slightly turned out
Suggested Alignment	Facing Wall
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		a

Step		6
Feet Positions	Replace weight on LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing Wall
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2 or S

Steps 1-6 or 1-3 may be repeated.
End in Closed Facing Position.

LADY
Lady commences Backing Wall, weight on RF and dances a Whisk to L (Man’s steps 4, 5, 6) and Whisk to R (Man's steps 1, 2, 3).

Footwork
1. BF 2. T (LF) R heel slightly off floor 3. BF 4. BF 5. T (RF) L heel slightly off floor 6. BF

$ # + 2. SAMBA WALKS IN PROMENADE POSITION
MAN
Commence in Promenade Position, with feet pointing to LOD weight on RF Use very slight Alternative Basic Bounce

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1 or S

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF back, small step, part weight
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		a

Step		3
Feet Positions	Draw LF slightly towards RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2 or S

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1 or S

Step		5
Feet Positions	LF back, small step, part weight
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		a

Step		6
Feet Positions	Draw RF slightly towards LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2 or S

Steps 1-6 or 1-3 may be repeated.
End in Promenade Position.

LADY
Lady dances a Walk commencing on RF when Man dances a Walk commencing on LF and vice versa.

Footwork
1. BF 2. B. 3. F. (Pressure on ball of foot.) 4. BF 5. B. 6. F. (Pressure on ball of foot.)

$ # + 3. SIDE SAMBA WALK
MAN
Commence in Promenade Position with feet pointing to LOD weight on LF. Use very slight Alternative Basic Bounce

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1 or S

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF to side with part weight
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		a

Step		3
Feet Positions	Draw RF slightly towards LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2 or S

End in Promenade Position or according to following figure.

Footwork
1. BF 2. B. 3. F. (Pressure on ball of foot.)

Lead
Lead Lady to side on step 2 by slight pressure through the arms.

Note
Make 1/8 turn to R when following with Shadow Bota Fogos. The Turn will be made between steps 2 and 3.

LADY
Commence in Promenade Position with feet pointing to LOD weight on RF. Use very slight Alternative Basic Bounce

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1 or S

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF to side with part weight
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		a

Step		3
Feet Positions	Draw LF slightly towards RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2 or S

End in Promenade Position or according to following figure.

Footwork
1. BF 2. B. 3. F. (Pressure on ball of foot.)

Note
Make 1/8 turn to L when following with Shadow Bota Fogos. The Turn will be made between steps 2 and 3.

$ # + 4. SHADOW BOTA FOGOS
MAN
Commence in Promenade Position, Lady slightly in advance, having released hold with right hand. Facing DW weight on RF using Alternative Basic Bounce

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of turn	Commence to turn L.
Count		1 or S

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF to side with part weight
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Continue turning L.
Count		a

Step		3
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of turn	Continue turning to complete 1/4 to L over steps 1-3
Count		2 or S

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R.
Count		1 or S

Step		5
Feet Positions	LF to side with part weight
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Continue turning R.
Count		a

Step		6
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of turn	Continue turning to complete 1/4 to R over steps 4-6
Count		2 or S

Step		7-9
Feet Positions	A Samba Walk in place, L.R.L.
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1 a 2 or S a S

End in Closed Facing (or R Side-by-Side or Promenade Position)

Footwork
1. BF 2. B. 3. BF 4. BF 5. B. 6. BF 7. BF 8. B. 9. F. (Pressure on ball of foot.)

Leads
Lead Lady with L hand to turn to her R under Man's raised L arm on 1, to her L on 4 and to her R on 7.

Note
Amount of Turn on steps 7-9 when ended in:
(a) Closed Facing Position-as Chart.
(b) Promenade Position-1/8 to L.

LADY
Commence in Promenade Position slightly in advance of Man who has released hold with R hand. Facing DC weight on LF using Alternative Basic Bounce

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R.
Count		1 or S

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF to side with part weight
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Continue turning R.
Count		a

Step		3
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of turn	Continue turning to complete 1/4 to R.
Count		2 or S

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing DW
Amount of turn	Commence to turn L.
Count		1 or S

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF to side with part weight
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Continue turning L.
Count		a

Step		6
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Suggested Alignment	Facing DC
Amount of turn	Continue turning to complete 1/4 to L.
Count		2 or S

Step		7-9
Feet Positions	1-3 of Volta Spot Turn, R.L.R.
Suggested Alignment	End backing DW
Amount of turn	3/4 turn to R over steps 7-9
Count		1 a 2 or S a S

End in Closed Facing (or R Side-by-Side or Promenade) Position

Footwork
1. BF 2. B. 3. BF 4. BF 5. B. 6. BF 7. BF 8. B. 9. BF (Pressure on ball of foot.)

Note
Amount of Turn on steps 7-9 when ended in:
(a) Closed Facing Position - as Chart.
(b) Promenade Position - 1 1/8 to R.

$ # + 5. VOLTA MOVEMENTS

VOLTA TURNING TO LEFT
Commencing position and alignment according to amalgamation used. Weight on RF using Alternative Basic Bounce.

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF in front of RF heel to toe (L toe turned out)
Amount of turn	Up to 2 complete turns to L over steps 1-8
Count		1 or S

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF to side and slightly back, toe turned out
Amount of turn	
Count		a

Step		3
Feet Positions	Draw LF in front of RF heel to toe (L toe turned out)
Amount of turn	
Count		2 or S

Step		4-7
Feet Positions	Repeat steps 2 and 3 twice
Amount of turn	
Count		a 1 a 2 or a S a S

Step		8
Feet Positions	Repeat step 2
Amount of turn	
Count		a

Finishing position according to amalgamation used.

VOLTA TURNING TO RIGHT
Commencing position and alignment according to amalgamation used. Weight on LF using Alternative Basic Bounce.

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF in front of LF heel to toe (R. toe turned out)
Amount of turn	Up to 2 complete turns to R over steps 1-8
Count		1 or S

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF to side and slightly back, toe turned out
Amount of turn	
Count		a

Step		3
Feet Positions	Draw RF in front of LF heel to toe (R. toe turned out)
Amount of turn	
Count		2 or S

Step		4-7
Feet Positions	Repeat steps 2 and 3 twice
Amount of turn	
Count		a 1 a 2 or a S a S

Step		8
Feet Positions	Repeat step 2
Amount of turn	
Count		a

Finishing position according to amalgamation used.

Footwork
1. BF 2, 4, 6, 8. B. 3, 5, 7. BF (Pressure on ball of foot.)

Beat Value
3/4 beat on steps 1, 3, 5 and 7. 1/4 beat on steps 2, 4, 6 and 8. When only 7 steps are used step 7 is 1 beat.

TRAVELLING VOLTAS
Step		1
Feet Positions	RF crossed in front of LF
Foot Work		B flat
Count		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF to side and slightly back, T turned out
Foot Work		T
Count		a

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF crossed in front of LF
Foot Work		B flat
Count		2

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF to side and slightly back, T turned out
Foot Work		T
Count		a

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF crossed in front of LF
Foot Work		B flat
Count		1

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF to side and slightly back, T turned out
Foot Work		T
Count		a

Step		7
Feet Positions	RF crossed in front of LF
Foot Work		B flat
Count		2

CIRCULAR VOLTA
The Volta turning to left or right making up to 1 complete turn over steps 1-8. The front foot scribes the circumference of a small circle.

$ # + 6. ROLLING OFF THE ARM
MAN
Commence in R Side-by-Side Position, weight on RF facing LOD in “Double” hold, Man's R arm behind Lady's back at waist level, Lady's arms crossed in front of body. Use Alternative Basic Bounce.

Step		1-3
Feet Positions	Whisk to L (L.R.L.)
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1 a 2 or S a S

Step		4-6
Feet Positions	Whisk to R (R.L.R.)
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1 a 2 or S a S

End in R Side-by-Side (or Closed Facing or R Shadow) Position

Footwork
l. BF 2. Toe of RF, L heel slightly off floor. 3. BF 4. BF 5. Toe of LF, R heel slightly off floor. 6. BF

Lead
Release hold with L hand on step 1 and with R hand lead lady to turn to R over steps 1-3 and to her L over steps 4-6. When ending in Closed Facing or R Shadow Position release hold with R hand at the end of step 5 and regain the desired hold at the end of step 6.

Note
When ended in :
(a) Closed Facing Position to follow with a Whisk, the Man will turn 1/4 to R (Lady 1 1/4 to L.) over steps 4-6.
(b) Closed Facing Position to follow with a Reverse Turn, the Man makes no turn but will lead Lady to make 1 1/2 turns to L over steps 4-6 to end in front of him.

LADY
Commence in R Side-by-Side Position, weight on LF facing LOD. Lady’s arms crossed in front of body. No bounce.
Step		1
Feet Positions	RF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing Wall
Amount of turn	1/4 turn to R
Count		1 or S

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	1/4 turn to R
Count		a

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF to side (L knee veers inwards)
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	1/2 turn to R
Count		2 or S

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF forward
Suggested Alignment	Facing Centre
Amount of turn	1/4 turn to L.
Count		1 or S

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing LOD
Amount of turn	1/4 turn to L
Count		a

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF to side (R. knee veers inwards)
Suggested Alignment	Facing LOD
Amount of turn	1/2 turn to L
Count		2 or S

End in R Side-by-Side (or Closed Facing or R Shadow) Position.

Footwork
1. BF 2. BF 3. BF (inside edge of B. LF)
4. BF 5. BF 6. BF (inside edge of B. RF)

$ # + 7. PROMENADE TO COUNTER PROMENADE RUNS
MAN

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF to side
Suggested Alignment	Facing Wall
Amount of turn	Commence to turn L
Count		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF to side in PP
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		2

Step		3
Feet Positions	RF fwd and across in PP
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/8 to L.
Count		3

Step		4
Feet Positions	LF back and slightly to side
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R
Count		1

Step		5
Feet Positions	RF to side in CPP
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to R.
Count		2

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF fwd and across in CPP
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 3/4 to R.
Count		3

Step		7
Feet Positions	RF fwd
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R
Count		1

Step		8
Feet Positions	LF to side in PP
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to R.
Count		2

Step		9
Feet Positions	RF fwd and across in PP
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/4 to R.
Count		3

LADY
Step		1
Feet Positions	LF to side
Suggested Alignment	Backing Wall
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R
Count		1

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF to side in PP
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to R.
Count		2

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF fwd and across in PP
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/8 to R.
Count		3

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF fwd
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R
Count		1

Step		5
Feet Positions	LF to side in CPP
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to R.
Count		2

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF fwd and across in CPP
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/4 to R.
Count		3

Step		7
Feet Positions	LF back and slightly to side
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R
Count		1

Step		8
Feet Positions	RF to side in PP
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to R.
Count		2

Step		9
Feet Positions	LF fwd and across in PP
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 3/4 to R.
Count		3

$ # + 8. CRUZADOS LOCKS IN SHADOW POSITION
MAN & LADY

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF fwd
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	
Count		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF crossed behind LF
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	
Count		Q

Step		3
Feet Positions	LF fwd
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	
Count		S

Step		4
Feet Positions	RF fwd
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	
Count		Q

Step		5
Feet Positions	LF crossed behind RF
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	
Count		Q

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF fwd
Suggested Alignment	
Amount of turn	
Count		S

Steps 7-9: Repeat steps 1-3

+ $ # CHA CHA CHA. HISTORIC REVIEW
	The Cha Cha Cha is a fairly recent dance that is a combination of the Rumba and the Mambo. It gained rapid popularity because of its simplicity. As a competition dance it appeared later than other Latin-American dances. Since its introduction it has been subjected to various modifications enabling dancers to perform it in several ways. It can be danced in pairs or at a distance.

+ $ # CHA CHA CHA. CHOREOGRAPHY
BASIC MOVEMENT
PRECEDE
	Basic Movement
Alemana
Three Cha Cha Chas Fwd
1-10 Hand to Hand
Spot Turn to L
New York
Cross Basic
Into Step 6
Three Cha Cha Chas Back
Hand to Hand
Spot Turn to R
1-5 New York

FOLLOW
	Basic Movement
Fan
New York
Cross Basic
From Step 5
6-10 Alemana

FAN
PRECEDE
	Basic Movement
Alemana
Three Cha Cha Chas Fwd
1-10 Hand to Hand
Spot Turn to L
New York
Cross Basic
Into Step 6
Three Cha Cha Chas Back
Hand to Hand
1-5 Cross Basic
FOLLOW
From Fan Position
Alemana

ALEMANA
PRECEDE
	Fan
	Advanced Hip Twist
FOLLOW
	Basic Movement
	Shoulder to Shoulder

THREE CHA CHA CHAS
PRECEDE
From Fan Position
	Fan
	Advanced Hip Twist
From Open Facing Position
	Advanced Hip Twists ended in Open Facing Position
Steps 6-10 from Closed Facing Position
	1-5 Basic Movement
Hand to Hand
1-5 Cross Basic
FOLLOW
	Basic Movement
	Fan
Hand to Hand
New York
Cross Basic
	Advanced Hip Twist

HAND TO HAND
PRECEDE
Alemana
Spot Turn to L
FOLLOW
Spot Turn to L
	6-10 Basic Movement or Fan
6-10 Alemana
From Step 10
	Basic Movement
Spot Turn to R
	Fan

SPOT TURNS
Spot Turn to Left
PRECEDE
Hand to Hand
Spot Turn to R
1-5 New York
	Shoulder to Shoulder
FOLLOW
	Basic Movement
	Fan
Spot Turn to R
Cross Basic
Spot Turn to Right
PRECEDE
1-10 Hand to Hand
Spot Turn to L
New York
FOLLOW
	6-10 Basic Movement
Spot Turn to L

NEW YORK
PRECEDE
	Basic Movement
Alemana
FOLLOW
	Basic Movement
	Fan
Spot Turn to R
From Step 5
Spot Turn to L

SHOULDER TO SHOULDER
PRECEDE
	Basic Movement
FOLLOW
Spot Turn to L

ADVANCED HIP TWIST
PRECEDE
Alemana
FOLLOW
From Fan Position
Alemana
From Open Facing Position
Alemana

CROSS BASIC
PRECEDE
	Basic Movement
Spot Turn to L (Lady to R)
Cross Basic
FOLLOW
	Basic Movement
	Fan
Cross Basic
From Step 5
6-10 Alemana or Fan
From Step 7
8-10 of Fan

$ # + NORMAL HOLD
Stand facing partner about six inches apart with the head erect and the body naturally upright. The Man should place his right hand on the Lady's left shoulder blade, the Lady resting her left arm lightly on his, following the curve of his arm to the shoulder. The Man's left hand should be raised in a gentle curve to the level of the eyes; the Lady should place the fingers of her right hand between his thumb and first finger and both hands should be lightly clasped. The various other holds are referred to in the charts.

$ # + 1. BASIC MOVEMENT
MAN
Commence in Closed Facing Position, feet apart, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Commence to turn to L.
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	LF to side and slightly back to Chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/8 to L over steps 1-5 (Up to a 1/4 may be made)
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	RF to side to Chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/8 to L over steps 6-10 (Up to a 1/4 may be made)
Count		4 & 1

End in Closed Facing Position. 

LADY
Commence in Closed Facing Position, feet apart, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Commence to turn to L.
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	RF to side to Chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/8 to L over steps 1-5 (Up to a 1/4 may be made)
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	LF to side and slightly back to Chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/8 to L over steps 6-10 (Up to a 1/4 may be made)
Count		4 & 1

End in Closed Facing Position.

$ # + 2. FAN
MAN
Commence in Closed Facing Position, feet apart, weight on RF

Step		1-5
Feet Positions	1-5 Basic Movement
Amount of turn	1/8 to L over 1-5
Count		2 3 4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	RF to side to Chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Nil (see note)
Count		4 & 1

End in Fan (or Open Facing) Position.

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

Leads
Lead Lady forward on 6 by slight pressure with R hand and to step back on 7 & 8 by releasing with R hand and using slight pressure with L Hand.

Note
Up to 1/4 turn to L may be made over steps 1-5, in which case 1/8 turn to L over steps 6-10 is desirable. The last Chasse would be to side and slightly forward.

LADY
Commence in Closed Facing Position, feet apart, weight on LF

Step		1-5
Feet Positions	1-5 Basic Movement R.L.R.L.R.
Amount of turn	1/8 to L over 1-5
Count		2 3 4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Commence to turn L.
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	RF back and slightly to side
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L.
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	LF back to Chasse (L.R.L.)
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L to complete 4 over steps 6-10 (see note 1)
Count		4 & 1

End in Fan (or Open Facing) Position.

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

Notes
1. Up to 1/4 turn to L may be made over steps 1-5, in which 3/8 to L over steps 6-10 would be desirable.
2. It is important for the Lady to brace R arm slightly as Man gives pressure with L hand on 7

$ # + 3. ALEMANA
MAN
Commence in Fan (or Open Facing) Position, feet apart, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	LF almost closes to RF to Chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	RF almost closes to LF to Chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4 & 1

End in Closed Facing (or Lady at right angles to man on his R side, normal hold, or R Side-by-Side) Position.

Leads
Allow Lady to close RF to LF on 1 and lead her to step forward on 2. Continue to lead her forward and to commence to turn her R on 3-5 and to continue to turn R under the raised arms on steps 6-9. Regain normal hold on 10. To end with Lady at R angles to Man lower L arm to just above waist level on 10, and to end in R Side-by-Side Position move L arm down and rightwards on 10.

LADY
Commence in Fan (or Open Facing) Position, LF back, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF closes to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	RF forward. to Chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Commence to turn to R.
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF forward
Amount of turn	Continue to turn R.
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	RF forward
Amount of turn	Continue to turn R.
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	LF forward to Chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to R., to complete 1 1/4 turns over step 3-10
Count		4 & 1

End in Closed Facing (or at right angles to man on his R side, normal hold, or R Side-by-Side) Position.
Amount of Turn when ended in :
(a) Closed Facing Position - as chart.
(b) At right angles to man on his R Side - 1-1/2 turns to R (LF ends side and slightly back).
(c) R Side-by-Side position -1 3/4 turns to R (LF ends back)

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

$ # + 4. THREE CHA CHA CHAS
Three Cha Cha Chas may be danced progressively in one direction counted “4&1, 2&3, 4&1” as follows:
FORWARD
(a) 	In Closed Facing Position - after 1-7 of Basic Movement. (No turn or gradually curving up to 3/8 to L over the 9 steps. RLR, LRL, RLR), (Lady LRL, RLR, LRL). Follow with Basic Movement.
(b) 	In L Side-by-Side Position - after step 7 of Alemana. 1/8 to L, 1/8 to R and 1/8 to L alternately on each chasse RLR, LRL, RLR. ( Lady 1/8 to R, 1/8 to L and 1/8 to R LRL, RLR, LRL). Follow with a Spot Turn to R (Lady to L)

BACKWARD
In Closed Facing Position - after L of Basic Movement. (No turn or gradually curving up to 3/8 to R or L.). L.R.L., R.L.R., L.R.L.; (Lady R.L.R., L.R.L., R.L.R.). Follow with 6-10 of Basic Movement when making no turn, 6-1 of Fan when curving to L.
Note
Double hold may be used, Forward or Back; in Closed or Open Facing Position.

$ # + 5. HAND TO HAND
MAN
Commence in Closed Facing Position in Double Hold, feet apart, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF back in R Side-by-Side position
Amount of turn	1/4 to L.
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R.
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	LF to side to Chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn R., to complete 1/4 over steps 2-5
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF back in L Side-by-Side Position
Amount of turn	1/4 to R.
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn L.
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	RF to side to Chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L., to complete 1/4 over steps 7-10
Count		4 & 1

Step		11-15
Feet Positions	Repeat steps 1-5
Amount of turn	As steps 1-5
Count		2 3 4 & 1

End in Closed Facing Position.

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

Leads
Take Double Hold at end of preceding step. Lead Lady to turn by holding arms steady as turn is made. Release with L hand on steps 1 and 11, regain Double Hold on 5 and 10, release with R hand on step 6.

LADY
Commence in Closed Facing Position in Double Hold, feet apart, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF back an R Side-by-Side position
Amount of turn	1/4 to R.
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn L.
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	RF to side to Chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L, to complete 1/4 over steps 2-5
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF back an L Side-by-Side Position
Amount of turn	1/4 to L.
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R.
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	LF to side to Chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to R., to complete 1/4 turn over steps 7 and 10
Count		4 & 1

Step		11-15
Feet Positions	Repeat steps 1-5
Amount of turn	As steps 1-5
Count		2 3 4 & 1

End in Closed Facing Position.

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

$ # + 6. SPOT TURNS
These are two forward walks and a Chasse circling to the L or R and ended to side. They are danced solo by Man and Lady. They can also be danced as a solo turn in which one foot may remain on a spot around which the circle is made as follows: LF forward making 1/4 turn to R Count "2". Keeping RF in place turn 1/2 to R and replace weight on the RF Count "3" Chasse L.R.L Continuing to turn 1/4 to R ending with LF to side. Count "4 and 1". The Spot Turn may also be danced in this manner commencing with RF and turning to L.

SPOT TURN TO LEFT
Normally commenced with RF-R.L., R.L.R., 2 3 4 & 1.

SPOT TURN TO RIGHT
Normally commenced with LF-L.R.., L.R.L., 2 3 4 & 1.

$ # + 7. NEW YORK
MAN
Commence in Closed Facing Position, feet apart, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF fwd. in L Side-by-Side Position
Amount of turn	1/4 to R.
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn to L.
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	LF to side to Chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn, to complete 1/4 to L over steps 2-5
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF fwd. in R Side-by-Side Position
Amount of turn	1/4 to L.
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn R.
Count		3

Step		8-11
Feet Positions	RF to side to Chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn, to complete 1/4 to R over steps 7-10
Count		4 & 1

End in Closed Facing Position.
Steps 1-10 or 1-5 may be repeated.

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

Leads
Release hold with R hand on the preceding Chasse. Lead Lady to L Side-by-Side Position with inside hands joined on step 1. Release hold with L hand and take Lady's L hand in R hand while turning to Closed Facing Position over steps 3-5. Lead Lady to R Side-by-Side Position with inside hands joined on step 6. Release hold with R hand and take Lady's R hand in L while turning to Closed Facing Position over steps 8-10:

LADY
Commence in Closed Facing Position, feet apart, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF fwd. in L Side-by-Side Position
Amount of turn	1/4 to L.
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn to R
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	RF to side to Chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn, to complete 1/4 to R over steps 2-5
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF fwd, in R Side-by-Side Position
Amount of turn	1/4 to R.
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn to L.
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	LF to side to Chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn, to complete 1/4 to L over steps 7-10
Count		4 & 1

End in Closed Facing Position.
Steps 1-10 or 1-5 may be repeated.

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

$ # + 8. SHOULDER TO SHOULDER
MAN
Commence in Open Facing Position, with or without hold, RF forward, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF fwd. outside partner on L side
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	LF to side to Chasse L.R.L to end with LF to side and slightly forward
Amount of turn	1/4 turn to L over steps 3-5
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF fwd. outside partner
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	RF to side to Chasse R.L.R. to end with RF to side and slightly forward
Amount of turn	1/4 to R over steps 8-10
Count		4 & 1

Step		11
Feet Positions	LF fwd. outside partner on L side
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		12
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		13-15
Feet Positions	LF to side to Chasse L.R.L to end in PP
Amount of turn	1/4 to L over steps 13-15
Count		4 & 1

End in Promenade Position.

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

LADY
Commence in Open Facing Position, with or without hold, LF back, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF outside partner on L side
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	RF to side to Chasse R.L.R. to end with RF to side and slightly back
Amount of turn	1/4 to L over steps 3-5
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF outside partner
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	LF to side to Chasse L.R.L to end with LF to side and slightly back
Amount of turn	1/4 to R over steps 8-10
Count		4 & 1

Step		11
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2

Step		12
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF outside partner on L side
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		13-15
Feet Positions	RF to side to Chasse R.L.R. to end in PP
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4 & 1

End in Promenade Position.

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

$ # + 9. ADVANCED HIP TWISTS
MAN
Commence in Closed Facing Position (or lady at right angles on man’s R side), RF forward, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF fwd.
Amount of turn	Slight body turn to R.
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to RF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn body very slightly to L.
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	LF behind RF toe to heel, toe turned out to Chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to L.
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/8 to L over steps 3-6
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	RF to side and slightly forward to Chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4 & 1

End in Fan (or Open or Close Facing) Position.

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

Leads
Lead Lady to turn to her R on 1 by turning body to R., to her L on 2 to 5 and to her R on 6 by pressure with base of R hand, then to her L on 7 by releasing with R hand and retaining L hand braced in normal hold position.

Note
Amount of turn over Steps 3-10 when ended in:
(a) Fan Position - as chart.
(b) Open Facing Position - 3/8 to L.
(c) Close Facing Position - 1/2 to L.

LADY
Commence in Closed Facing Position (or lady at right angles on man’s R side), feet apart, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Up to 1/2 turn to R on LF
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	Replace weight to LF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn L.
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	RF fwd. outside partner on R side to Chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 5/8 to L over steps 2-5
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF fwd.
Amount of turn	1/2 turn to R.
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	RF back and slightly to side
Amount of turn	Turn to L.
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	LF back to Chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L to complete 3/4 over steps 7-10
Count		4 & 1

End Fan (or Open or Close Facing) Position.

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

$ # + 10. CROSS BASIC
MAN
Commence in Closed Facing Position. Feet apart, RF forward, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions	LF crosses in front of RF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn L.
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	RF back
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L.
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	LF to side and slightly fwd. to Chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/4 to L over steps 1-5
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	RF crosses behind LF
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L.
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	LF fwd.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L.
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	RF to side and slightly back to Chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/4 to left over steps 6-10
Count		4 & 1

End in Closed Facing Position.

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

LADY
Commence in Closed Facing Position. Feet apart, RF forward, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions	RF crosses in front of LF
Amount of turn	Commence to turn L.
Count		2

Step		2
Feet Positions	LF fwd
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L.
Count		3

Step		3-5
Feet Positions	RF to side and slightly back to Chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/4 to L over steps 1-5
Count		4 & 1

Step		6
Feet Positions	LF crosses behind RF
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L.
Count		2

Step		7
Feet Positions	RF back.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn L.
Count		3

Step		8-10
Feet Positions	LF to side and slightly forward to Chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Continue to turn to complete 1/4 to left over steps 6-10
Count		4 & 1

End in Closed Facing Position.

Footwork
Ball Flat throughout.

+ $ # JIVE. HISTORIC REVIEW
	The Jive was brought to England from the United States during the Second World War. It significantly changed the image of dancing, making it more exciting and carefree. The dance was considered obscene and consequently banned in ballrooms.
	As a competition dance it went through several stages and acquired different names such as the Lindy, West Coast Swing, American Swing and Rock and Roll. 
	The most distinctive feature of the dance is that the man leads the lady in dancing the turning and spinning figures. Rock and Roll bares some resemblance to the Jive but it is less energetic. The dance does not require much space and can be danced in small, crowded rooms.

+ $ # JIVE. CHOREOGRAPHY
FALLAWAY ROCK
PRECEDE
	Fallaway Rock
	Whip
FOLLOW
	Fallaway Rock
	The Whip may be danced after steps 1-5 with Man turning approximately 3/8 to R, over steps 2-5. (Lady no turn ending with RF forward between Man's feet.)
	Flicks into Break

CHANGE OF PLACES LEFT TO RIGHT
PRECEDE
	American Spin
	Stop and Go
FOLLOW
	Change of Places Left to Right
	American Spin
	Stop and Go
	Toe Heel Swivels

AMERICAN SPIN
PRECEDE
	Change of Places Left to Right
	American Spin
	Stop and Go
FOLLOW
	Change of Places Left to Right
	American Spin
	Stop and Go

THE WHIP
PRECEDE
	1-5 Fallaway Rock
FOLLOW
	Fallaway Rock
	Flicks into Break

STOP AND GO
PRECEDE
	Change of Places Left to Right
	American Spin
	Stop and Go
FOLLOW
	Change of Places Left to Right
	American Spin
	Stop and Go

CHICKEN WALKS
PRECEDE
	Fallaway Rock
FOLLOW
	Change of Places Left to Right

TOE HEEL SWIVELS
PRECEDE 
	Change of Places Left to Right
FOLLOW
	3-8 Fallaway Rock
	3-20 Flicks into Break

FLICK INTO BREAK
PRECEDE
	Fallaway Rock
	Whip
Into steps 3-20
	Toe Heel Swivels (using double hold throughout)
FOLLOW
	3-8 Fallaway Rock

$ # + NORMAL HOLD
Stand facing partner about six inches apart. The man should place his R hand on the lady's back under her L shoulder blade, holding her R hand in his L hand with the arms gently curved and the hands just above waist level.
The lady will rest her L arm lightly on the man's R arm, following the curve of his arm to the shoulder.

$ # + 1. FALLAWAY ROCK
MAN
Commence in Closed Facing Position, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	LF back in Fallaway turning lady to R
Amount of turn	1/8 to L on 1
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight forward to RF in PP, commencing to turn Lady to L.
Amount of turn	Commencing to turn R.
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3-5
Feet Positions and Lead	LF to side to chasse L.R.L., continuing to turn lady to L.
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn R, completing 1/8 over steps 2-5
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

Step		6-8
Feet Positions and Lead	RF to side to chasse, R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

End in Closed Facing Position.

LADY
Commence in Closed Facing Position, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	RF back in Fallaway
Amount of turn	1/4 to R.
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight forward to LF in PP
Amount of turn	Commencing to turn L.
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3-5
Feet Positions and Lead	RF to side to chasse R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn completing 1/4 to L over steps 2-5
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

Step		6-8
Feet Positions and Lead	LF to side to chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

End in Closed Facing Position.

$ # + 2. CHANGE OF PLACES LEFT TO RIGHT
MAN
Commence in Open Facing Position, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	LF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight forward to RF.
Amount of turn	Commencing to turn R on 2, 1/4 to R over steps 2-5
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3-5
Feet Positions and Lead	Almost close LF to RF to chasse L.R.L., turning to R and leading lady to turn to her L under the raised arms
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

Step		6-8
Feet Positions and Lead	RF forward to chasse R.L.R. leading lady to complete her turn to L and lowering the joined hands at end of lady's turn
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

End in Open Facing Position:

LADY
Commence in Open Facing Position, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	RF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight forward to LF
Amount of turn	Commencing to turn to L on 2
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3-5
Feet Positions and Lead	Chasse R.L.R. turning to L under the raised arms
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn L.
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

Step		6-8
Feet Positions and Lead	Continuing to turn L, LF back to chasse L.R.L.
Amount of turn	Completing 3/4 over step 2-6
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

End in Open Facing Position.

$ # + 3. AMERICAN SPIN
MAN
Commence in Open Facing Position, with “Handshake” hold, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	LF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight forward to RF.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3-5
Feet Positions and Lead	Almost close LF to RF to chasse in place, L.R.L leading lady forward and bracing R arm. On step 5 lead lady to turn to her R releasing hold with R hand
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

Step		6-8
Feet Positions and Lead	Chasse in place, R.L.R catching lady's R hand in R or L hand at the end of her turn.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

End in Open Facing Position.

LADY
Commence in Open Facing Position, with “Handshake” hold, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	RF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight forward to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3-5
Feet Positions and Lead	RF forward to chasse R.L.R. leaning slightly against man's arm. At the end of step 5 turn to R, on RF
Amount of turn	Approx. 1/2 to R on step 5
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

Step		6-8
Feet Positions and Lead	Chasse L.R.L continuing to turn to R to end LF back
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn R completing a full turn over steps 5-8
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

End in Open Facing Position.

$ # + 4. THE WHIP
MAN
Commence in Open Facing Position, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	RF crosses behind LF, toe turned out
Amount of turn	1/4 to R over the preceding step and 1
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	LF to side
Amount of turn	1/4 to R between 1-2
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3-5
Feet Positions and Lead	RF to side, very small step, to chasse R.L.R. ending in Fallaway Position
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn R Completing 1/8 over steps 3-5
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

End in Fallaway Position.

LADY
Commence in Closed Facing Position, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	LF forward towards partner's R side
Amount of turn	1/4 to R over the preceding step and 1
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	RF forward between partner's feet, small step
Amount of turn	1/4- to R between 1-2
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3-5
Feet Positions and Lead	LF to side to chasse L.R.L ending in Fallaway Position
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn R Completing 3/8 over steps 3-5
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

End in Fallaway Position.

$ # + 5. STOP AND GO
MAN
Commence in Open Facing Position, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	LF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight forward to RF.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3-5
Feet Positions and Lead	LF forward to chasse L.R.L., turning lady to her L under the raised arms to end in R Side-by-Side position, having checked lady's turn on step 5 by placing R hand on her back. Lower the joined arms
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

Step		6
Feet Positions and Lead	RF forward, leading lady to step back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		7
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight back. to LF, leading lady forward and commencing to turn her to R.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		8-10
Feet Positions and Lead	RF back (small step) to chasse R.L.R., turning lady to her R under the raised arms. Lower joined hands at end of lady's turn
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

End in Open Facing Position.

LADY
Commence in Open Facing Position, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	RF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight forward to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3-5
Feet Positions and Lead	Chasse R.L.R. turning to L under the raised arms to end in R Side-by-Side Position
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn L, completing 1/2 turn over steps 2-5
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

Step		6
Feet Positions and Lead	LF back
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		7
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight forward to RF
Amount of turn	Commencing to turn R.
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		8-10
Feet Positions and Lead	Continue to turn to R under the raised arms, and chasse L.R.L., to end LF back
Amount of turn	Continuing to turn R., completing 1/2· turn over steps 7-10
Count		3a4
Rhythm		QaQ

End in Open Facing Position.

$ # + 6. CHICKEN WALKS
MAN
Commence in Open Facing Position, weight on RF

Step		1-4
Feet Positions and Lead	4 small steps back leading lady forward, L.R.L.R.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1.2.3.4.
Rhythm		QQQQ

LADY
Commence in Open Facing Position, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	Turning to R on LF, RF forward
Amount of turn	1/8 to R
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	Turning to L on RF, LF forward
Amount of turn	1/4 to L
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Feet Positions and Lead	Turning to R on LF, RF forward
Amount of turn	1/4 to R
Count		3
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Feet Positions and Lead	Turning to L on RF, LF forward towards partner
Amount of turn	1/8 to L
Count		4
Rhythm		Q

End in Closed Facing Position, R hand in Man's L hand.
Notes
l. Footwork. Steps 1-3 are heel, flat. Step 4 ball, flat. (Steps 1-3 may be ball, flat).
2. As the Lady dances the first 3 steps of the Chicken Walks she must feel tension in her R arm, leaning slightly back with hips held slightly back.
3. Six Chicken Walks may be danced counted "SSQQQQ".

$ # + 7. TOE HEEL SWIVELS
MAN
Commence in Open Facing Position with Double Hold, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn slightly to R on RF and place LF close to RF on toe, without weight, in Counter PP, turning lady to L.
Amount of turn	1/8 to R
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn slightly to L on RF and place LF diagonally forward on heel, without weight, in PP, turning lady to R.
Amount of turn	1/4 to L
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn slightly to R on RF then LF forward and across in Counter PP, small step, turning lady to L.
Amount of turn	1/4 to R
Count		3
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn slightly to L on LF and place RF close to LF on toe, without weight, in PP, turning lady to R.
Amount of turn	1/4 to L
Count		4
Rhythm		Q

Step		5
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn slightly to R on LF and place RF diagonally forward on heel, without weight, in Counter PP, turning lady to L.
Amount of turn	1/4 to R
Count		5
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn slightly to L on LF then RF forward and across in PP, small step, turning lady to R.
Amount of turn	1/4 to L
Count		6
Rhythm		Q

Steps 1 and 2 or 1-6 may be repeated. End in Promenade Position

LADY
Commence in Open Facing Position with Double Hold, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn slightly to L on LF and place RF close to LF on toe, without weight in Counter PP
Amount of turn	1/8 to L
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn slightly to R on LF and place RF diagonally forward on heel, without weight, in PP
Amount of turn	1/4 to R
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn slightly to L on LF then RF forward and across in Counter PP, small step
Amount of turn	1/4 to L
Count		3
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn slightly to R on RF and place LF close to RF on toe, without weight, in PP
Amount of turn	1/4 to R
Count		4
Rhythm		Q

Step		5
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn slightly to L on RF and place LF diagonally forward on heel, without weight, in Counter PP
Amount of turn	1/4 to L
Count		5
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn slightly to R on RF then LF forward and across in PP; small step
Amount of turn	1/4 to R
Count		6
Rhythm		Q

Steps 1 and 2 or 1-6 may be repeated. End in Promenade Position

$ # + 8. FLICKS INTO BREAK
MAN
Commence in Closed Facing Position, weight on RF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	LF back in Fallaway turning lady to R
Amount of turn	1/8 to L on 1
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight forward to RF in PP, commencing to turn Lady to L.
Amount of turn	Commencing to turn R.
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Feet Positions and Lead	Point LF to side in PP without weight, inclining body to L.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Feet Positions and Lead	LF to side in PP small step, straightening body
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4
Rhythm		Q

Step		5
Feet Positions and Lead	Point RF forward and across in PP and CBMP, without weight, inclining body to R.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		5
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Feet Positions and Lead	RF forward in PP and CBMP, small step, straightening body
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		6
Rhythm		Q

Step		7-8
Feet Positions and Lead	Repeat steps 3 and 4. (Point and step LF)
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		7.8
Rhythm		QQ

Step		9
Feet Positions and Lead	Flick RF forward and across in PP, off the floor
Amount of turn	Slight body turn to L.
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		10
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn to R to face partner and close RF near to LF, turning lady to L.
Amount of turn	1/4- to R (RF)
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		11
Feet Positions and Lead	Flick LF forward and across in Counter PP, off the floor
Amount of turn	Slight body turn to R.
Count		3
Rhythm		Q

Step		12
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn to L to face partner and close LF near to RF, turning lady to R.
Amount of turn	1/4 to L (LF)
Count		4
Rhythm		Q

Step		13-16
Feet Positions and Lead	Repeat steps 9-12 (Flick and step RF, flick and step LF)
Amount of turn	As steps 9-12
Count		5.6.7.8
Rhythm		QQQQ

Step		17
Feet Positions and Lead	RF forward and across in PP and CBMP
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		18
Feet Positions and Lead	Hold this position
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2.3
Rhythm		QQ

Step		19
Feet Positions and Lead	Take part weight back to LF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		a
Rhythm		a

Step		20
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight forward to RF in PP
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4
Rhythm		Q

End in Promenade Position

LADY
Commence in Closed Facing Position, weight on LF

Step		1
Feet Positions and Lead	RF back in Fallaway
Amount of turn	1/4 to R.
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		2
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight forward to LF in PP
Amount of turn	Commencing to turn L.
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		3
Feet Positions and Lead	Point RF to side in PP without weight, inclining body to R.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		3
Rhythm		Q

Step		4
Feet Positions and Lead	RF to side in PP, small step, straightening body
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4
Rhythm		Q

Step		5
Feet Positions and Lead	Point LF forward and across in PP and CBMP, without weight, inclining body to L.
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		5
Rhythm		Q

Step		6
Feet Positions and Lead	LF forward in PP and CBMP, small step, straightening body
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		6
Rhythm		Q

Step		7-8
Feet Positions and Lead	Repeat steps 3 and 4. (Point and step RF)
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		7.8
Rhythm		QQ

Step		9
Feet Positions and Lead	Flick LF forward and across in PP, off the floor
Amount of turn	Slight body turn to R.
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		10
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn to L to face partner and close LF near to RF
Amount of turn	1/4- to L (LF)
Count		2
Rhythm		Q

Step		11
Feet Positions and Lead	Flick RF forward and across in Counter PP, off the floor
Amount of turn	Slight body turn to L.
Count		3
Rhythm		Q

Step		12
Feet Positions and Lead	Turn to R to face partner and close RF near to LF
Amount of turn	1/4 to R (RF)
Count		4
Rhythm		Q

Step		13-16
Feet Positions and Lead	Repeat steps 9-12 (Flick and step LF, flick and step RF)
Amount of turn	As steps 9-12
Count		5.6.7.8
Rhythm		QQQQ

Step		17
Feet Positions and Lead	LF forward and across in PP and CBMP
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		1
Rhythm		Q

Step		18
Feet Positions and Lead	Hold this position
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		2.3
Rhythm		QQ

Step		19
Feet Positions and Lead	Take part weight back to RF
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		a
Rhythm		a

Step		20
Feet Positions and Lead	Replace weight forward to LF in PP
Amount of turn	Nil
Count		4
Rhythm		Q

End in Promenade Position

$ # GLOSSARY
B	Ball
BF	Ball. Flat
CBM	Contra Body Movement
CBMP	Contra Body Movement Position
CPP	Counter Promenade Position
DC	Diagonally to Centre
DW	Diagonally to Wall
e/o	end of
F	Flat
H	Heel
HF	Heel. Flat
IE	Inside Edge
L	Left
LF	Left Foot
LOD	Line of Dance
NFR	No Foot Rise
OP	Outside Partner
PP	Promenade Position
Q	Quick
R	Right
RF	Right Foot
S	Slow
St	Straight
T	Toe
WF	Whole Foot

+ $ # HELP
LET’S DANCE is a Multimedia Manual containing information about ten popular dances. Dancers of any age and skill will enjoy learning how to perform these dances, which also form part of the program of ballroom dancing competitions and championships. The dances are divided into two main groups:
Standard dancing:
waltz;
quickstep;
foxtrot;
tango;
Viennese waltz.

Latin-American dancing:
samba;
rumba;
cha-cha-cha;
paso doble;
jive.

The Multimedia Manual contains a wide variety of information about each dance:
- the dance performed by experts (live sound and video);
- a demo of the main dance movements (live video demonstrating the movements of the dancers' feet which are synchronised with the accompanying dance rhythm); 
- a demo of a possible variation (live sound and video);
- text information comprising historical facts about the dance, a full description of the main movements step by step for each partner, and a list of movements that can be linked to achieve a desired variation.
Each text topic can be printed out or copied onto the system clipboard for use in another application.

# + MAIN WINDOW
When you start up the program you will see the Main Room in the form of the main window. At the top of the main window is a title bar containing the name of the product and the «Minimise» and «Close» buttons. 
If you position the cursor over the title bar and click and hold down the left mouse button you can then drag the whole window to any position on the screen. In the top left part of the window you will see the "History", "Help", "Tools" and "Exit" buttons, simply click on the button you require to activate the corresponding function.

Use the arrow in the centre of the window to repeat the introduction.

The three couples dancing in the Main Room represent the three other rooms available. By clicking on one of these couples you can go either to the Variation Room, the Figure Room or the Master Room.

# + MASTER ROOM
Like the Main Room, the Master Room window also has a title bar containing the name of the window and the «Minimise» and «Close» buttons. 
If you position the cursor over the title bar and click and hold down the left mouse button you can then drag the whole window to any position on the screen. At the bottom of the window you will see a panel containing the "Help", "Text" and "Tools" buttons, simply click on the button you require to activate the corresponding function.

There are two buttons at the top of the window: "CLASSIC" on the left and "LATIN" on the right. When you click on one of these buttons a group of five dancing couples will be displayed on the dance floor. Each couple represents a different dance. Position the cursor over a couple and the name of the dance they represent will be displayed. Click on a couple and a video of that particular dance will be performed by professional dancers on the screen in the centre of the room. Use the arrow in the centre of the left part of the window to return to the Main Room at any time.

# + VARIATIONS ROOM
Like the Main Room, the Variation Room window also has a title bar containing the name of the window and the «Minimise» and «Close» buttons. 
If you position the cursor over the title bar and click and hold down the left mouse button you can then drag the whole window to any position on the screen. At the bottom of the window you will see a panel containing the "Help", "Text" and "Tools" buttons, simply click on the button you require to activate the corresponding function.

There are two buttons at the top of the window: "CLASSIC" on the left and "LATIN" on the right. When you click on one of these buttons a group of five dancing couples will be displayed on the dance floor. Each couple represents a different dance. Position the cursor over a couple and the name of the dance they represent will be displayed. Click on a couple and a video of a variation of that particular dance will be performed by professional dancers on the screen in the centre of the room. Use the arrow in the centre of the left part of the window to return to the Main Room at any time.

# + FIGURES ROOM
Like the Main Room, the Figure Room window also has a title bar containing the name of the window and the «Minimise» and «Close» buttons. 
If you position the cursor over the title bar and click and hold down the left mouse button you can then drag the whole window to any position on the screen. At the bottom of the window you will see a panel containing the "Help", "Text" and "Tools" buttons, simply click on the button you require to activate the corresponding function.

There are two buttons at the top of the window: "CLASSIC" on the left and "LATIN" on the right. When you click on one of these buttons a group of five dancing couples will be displayed on the dance floor. Each couple represents a different dance. Position the cursor over a couple and the name of the dance they represent will be displayed. Click on a couple and a list of the main figures (pas) of that particular dance will be displayed.

You can select the name of a figure by moving the cursor down the list. When you click on the name of a figure, a video will demonstrate the figure performed by professional dancers. Below the video you will also be shown the synchronised movements of the dancers’ feet. To display the list of figures once more, simply click on the picture of a couple on the dance floor. Use the arrow in the centre of the left part of the window to return to the Main Room at any time.

# + CONTROLLING THE DEMO SCREEN
The special demo screen is available in all the rooms to view video clips of professional dancers performing either the main dances, the variations or the figures. The control buttons are positioned below the demo screen. The first one is PLAY which is used to start the video. The second one is PAUSE which you can use to pause the video at any time during the playback. The next two buttons are FORWARD and BACK which are used to step through the video frame by frame either forwards or backwards. The button on the far right of the panel allows you to expand the video screen to its maximum size of 640 x 480. To return to the normal screen size simply click anywhere on the screen.

# + TEXT INFORMATION WINDOW
Text information windows appear if you click on the "Help", "Text" or "History" buttons. At the top of the window is a title bar containing the name of the window and the «Maximise» and «Close» buttons. 

If you position the cursor over the title bar and click and hold down the left mouse button you can then drag the whole window to any position on the screen. Below the title bar is a menu containing the following buttons: "Contents", "Back", ">>", "<<", "Copy" and "Print".

- Click on "Contents" to view a list of topics available in the text information. 
- Click on "Back" to move through the topics in reverse direction. 
- The ">>" and "<<" buttons allow you to move through a series of linked topics in either direction.
- The "Copy" button allows you to copy a topic onto the system clipboard, from which you can then paste this information into any other application. 
- The "Print" button enables you to print out the information on the system printer. 

Below this menu is the area in which text information is displayed. A scroll-bar on the right of the window allows you to scroll or page through the information.

# + PROGRAM SETTINGS WINDOW
If you click on the «Tools» button, which is located either on the left of the Main Room window or in a panel at the bottom of the other room windows, the program setup window will be displayed. 
At the top of this window is a title bar containing the name of the window and the «Close» button.
If you position the cursor over the title bar and click and hold down the left mouse button you can then drag the whole window to any position on the screen.
On the left you will see three check-boxes which are used to change the following settings:
- 	Background Music
	If this check-box is «on»: music on
	If this check-box is «off»: music off
- 	Auto start for animation
	If this check-box is «on»: the selected video clip will automatically start playing on the demonstration screen. 
	If this check-box is «off»: you will need to click on the «Play» button to start the video.
-	Save window sizes and positions
	If this check-box is «on»: the positions of the main window and the text information window and the size (normal or maximum) will be saved. When the program is next started-up it will use these saved settings. 
	If this check-box is «off»: the windows will be positioned in the middle of the screen when the program is next started up.
- 	The «Default» button sets the check-boxes to the following positions:
	Background music - «on»;
	Auto start for animation - «on»;
	Save window sizes and positions - «off».

In the centre of the window are four buttons which can be used to change the size of each step during a step-by-step playback of the video. The sizes of the steps can take the following values:

"Max" - each step will be 10% of the total video length;
"Default" - each step will be 5% of the total video length;
"Middle" - each step will be 2% of the total video length;
"Min" - each step is one frame.

To the right of the window are the following buttons:
- «OK», closes the setup window saving all the changes made;
- «Cancel», closes the setup window without saving the changes made;
- «Help», displays the Help text window;
- «About», displays information about the product developers.